With 型独立主格修饰的是主句主语还是就近名词或句中任意名词？

如果就近修饰逻辑正确，用定语从句！！！！！。如果就近修
饰错误，用with状语，可以跳跃修饰

aeoluseros ：
D和E中increase需要有指代对象，而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法，如果with表示原因，则其无修饰对象，increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表)，那么with的逻辑主语成了results，错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能）（伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能，只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了）：
1. 表示原因，此时不需要考虑逻辑主语，只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果)，此时需要注意逻辑主语，且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).（with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of，如prep2-193）.
3. 表示状态（此时前面需要是主系表），同样需要逻辑主语。

12-86The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen


in general,"COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause. rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.

这是manhatten instructor Ron的对这题with的回复。

下面是Ron 在另外一个帖子里的回复：
“i think you may be talking about modifiers like this one:
A total of $100,000 was given to the school last month, with $50,000 specifically marked for scholarship funds for poor students.
in this instance, the "with..." modifier modifies the general idea of the preceding clause. but notice that it actually gives more information about that idea.”