OG 34

34. A report by the American Academy for the Advance­ment of Science has concluded that much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Ameri­cans are exposed comes from the incineration of wastes.

(A)  much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed comes

(B)  much of the currently uncontrolled dioxins that North Americans are exposed to come

(C)  much of the dioxins that are currently uncon­trolled and that North Americans are exposed to comes

(D)  many of the dioxins that are currently uncontrolled and North Americans are exposed to come

(E)   many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come

Choices A, B, and C are flawed because the countable noun dioxins should be modified by many rather than much, which is used with uncountable nouns such as "work" and "happi­ness." In addition, both A and C incorrectly use the singular verb comes with the plural noun dioxins. Choices C and D are needlessly wordy, and D requires that before North Americans, to be grammatically complete. Choice E, the best answer, is both grammatically correct and concise.

为什么答案E,  exposed 和come 中间不需要 “to”,或者什么，我觉得总缺点什么。是不是应该理解为which come from.....,是前面which 引导吗？

Hi,开始的时候我也对E中缺少To感到很疑惑，甚至此题目不选E的原因就是它，但是，看了上面几位的分析后想通了，应该是这样理解：

A report [ by the American Academy for the Advance­ment of Science] has concluded that  many of the currently uncontrolled dioxins [to
                which North Americans are exposed] come
            from the incineration of wastes. ==〉[which North Americans are exposed to ] come from the incineration of wastes.

蓝色部分表示出来的come其实是 dioxins的谓语；而中间的which.. 其实是dioxins的定语，而对于该定语从句，to前置是很好理解的，因为which是该从句的宾语，而该从句的谓语是不及物动词，跟有介词，语法习惯上来说，该介词应该放在which的前面，不应该与后面的come连起来考虑。 可恶的ETS

这题关于exposed to我不明白。是不是to which中的to就是exposed修饰的，exposed后面再有to就是错的？

是的，更精確的說，which所引導的定語從句修飾某一個名詞或名詞短語，從句中的動詞所加的介系詞，原則上都要移到which之前

great ! 终于可以换自定义头像了，yeh!

我看了D的OG给的解释That are is wordy and awkward, and if this construction were bo be used, to maintain the parallel, that would have to be repeated in the clause that North Americans are exposed to

我就不理解了，如果要保持平衡ＥＴＳ的意思说就要在后面的从句里使用ＴＨＡＴ，可是语法书里说只在口语中使用ＴＨＡＴ在介词后面。所以，这里用ＴＨＡＴ不好的原因是不是也是这个，因为如果要平衡就要用ＴＨＡＴ，而用了ＴＨＡＴ就只是口语的用法，书面语是用ＷＨＩＣＨ多。

只是我的一点想法，请ＮＮ指点。

我记得中学语法讲过，that引导的宾语从句是不能直接接介词的，但是只要介词还是在从句里面就没事