og的一道题

hanxiaojie1007 · 发表于 2014-5-8 15:23:46

Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.

(A) based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and exploiting

(B) based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of

(C) and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting of

(D) and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting

(E) and they based it on their cultivating such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of fish and seafood, and they exploited

这道题选B，我不理解为什么可以用based，based和后面的内容是句子中的什么内容呢，是定于从句么？不用加个which 么？

alzn2765 · 发表于 2014-5-8 16:08:15

based on是介词，意为：“以。。。为基础”，based on A, B and C是介词短语。
这个题应该是低分题，主考结构平行。

slave918 · 发表于 2014-5-8 19:06:39

*你可以单纯的把这里的based看做一个verbed的形式，就是过去分词。
VERBED做修饰，必须修饰NOUN.

according to this problem, based on should modify the society.
it is really easy to understand "based on " in this way.

there are some examples from og12.
og12.25. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars
have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an
all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth
century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as
Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers,
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts,
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used
for a basis,
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers
they used,
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers,
-->"based on" is wrong, because "based on" modifes scholars, then this sentence is nonsence.

OG12.126. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption
that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual
that, in turn, create unconscious physiological
responses.

hanxiaojie1007 · 发表于 2014-5-8 21:41:26

slave918 发表于 2014-5-8 19:06
*你可以单纯的把这里的based看做一个verbed的形式，就是过去分词。
VERBED做修饰，必须修饰NOUN.

我了解be base on这个词组，像你举得og12.25.based on 是分词前置，考的是主语是不是从句的被动，126 be base on,我也知道我问的题是考的平行结构，应该是based a b and c,能选出答案，可是我based和后面的内容在这句话里面是什么成分我不理解，要我看based前面缺个连词and或which什么的，我就直接排除A和B了，在研究其他的，题就选错了，麻烦在帮我看看啦~

alzn2765 · 发表于 2014-5-9 00:02:24

hanxiaojie1007 发表于 2014-5-8 21:41
我了解be base on这个词组，像你举得og12.25.based on 是分词前置，考的是主语是不是从句的被动，126 be ...

我还是倾向于based on连在一起是介词， based on A,B and C是介词短语。
此题中，把整句翻译：Mochica发展了他们自己复杂的社会基于A,B和C
based on介词短语在句中做宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的性质。
判断一个宾语后的结构是不是宾语补足语最简单的方法就是看看宾语 is 宾补能不能逻辑上说得通。their own elaborate society is based on A, B and C-完全没问题。

你们都是被那个逗号误导了，我也想了一下为什么要有这个逗号，想通了：
如果不放逗号比放逗号好，GMAC觉得不会多放一个逗号的。也就是说这个逗号是必要的，原因是：
如果不放逗号整句变为：the Mochica developed their own elaborate society based on A, B and C..
句子就有了歧义，因为这句话可以有两种结构
1. the Mochica (that) developed their own elaborate society based on A, B and C..
主语+省略that的定语从句+谓语based on+宾语A,B,C

2. the Mochica developed their own elaborate society based on A, B and C..
主语+谓语developed+宾语their own elaborate society+宾补based on A, B and C..

加一个逗号把介词短语与句子断开，就避免了上面不加逗号引起的句子结构的歧义。
如果我说的有误，请指正。

slave918 · 发表于 2014-5-9 10:14:49

alzn2765 发表于 2014-5-9 00:02
我还是倾向于based on连在一起是介词， based on A,B and C是介词短语。
此题中，把整句翻译：Mochica发 ...

非常推荐你去看一看RON的课程，有一期专门讲based on.
个人觉得，你把这个问题弄得好复杂了
RON的课，论坛上有帖子讲怎么看，你可以去搜搜

alzn2765 · 发表于 2014-5-9 11:45:15

slave918 发表于 2014-5-9 10:14
非常推荐你去看一看RON的课程，有一期专门讲based on.
个人觉得，你把这个问题弄得好复杂了
RON的课，论坛 ...

RON的东西我看了很多，RON也不是神，Prep 07 Test 2 64题by burning的逻辑主语问题他也说不清，因为跟32题的by constructing矛盾了。
但我理解RON的核心就是从逻辑入手去理解句子。我也是我努力做的。
关于这道题的理解，我还是觉得你把based on拆开，单独说based是动词是不合理的。based on放在一起就是介词，不然下句话就是病句：
I have objection to your point based on my understanding of Grammar.
两个词组在一起导致整体词性变化的例子太多了： because vs. because of 等等
从结构上，based on A, B and C的介词词组做宾补，都比把based单独理解成动词要更符合逻辑。

对事不对人，欢迎讨论。

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