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云游 · 发表于 2013-6-6 17:17:17

Q30

P-17

The new image ofStone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merelyscavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found inGermany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to beabout 400,000 years old.

A. merely scavenging for meat, have emergedfrom the examination of tools found in Germany, including

B. as merely scavenging for meat, have emergedfrom examining tools found in Germany, which include

C. as mere meat scavengers, has emerged fromexamining tools found in Germany that includes

D. mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from theexamination of tools found in Germany, which includes

E. mere scavengers of meat, hasemerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

Hi all, I've been frequently troubled by choice found in this one-choice between "which clause" and "Ving clause". Can any one help clarify? When which clause can be used and when it should be prohibited. Thanks in advance!

enkyklios · 发表于 2013-6-6 18:59:07

我认为这个和which ving区别无关，
只是which用错了第三人称单数。因为which是指代tools的

云游 · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:00:44

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-6 18:59
我认为这个和which ving区别无关，
只是which用错了第三人称单数。因为which是指代tools的
...

Ok 谢谢~其实看了很多论坛上说which在这里是指代Germany，说是指代的ambiguity,但是没有什么官方的说法...

enkyklios · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:02:36

云游发表于 2013-6-8 17:00
Ok 谢谢~其实看了很多论坛上说which在这里是指代Germany，说是指代的ambiguity,但是没有什么官方的说法.. ...

我觉得不会

云游 · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:10:25

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-8 17:02
我觉得不会

Ok ~那么继续探讨下哈，如果D是include，是否D，E选项都正确？这两个句式在表达上是否有其它区别呢？谢谢~

enkyklios · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:13:59

云游发表于 2013-6-8 17:10
Ok ~那么继续探讨下哈，如果D是include，是否D，E选项都正确？这两个句式在表达上是否有其它区别呢？谢谢 ...

一个介词短语作定语，一个是从句作定语我觉得区别不大。你觉得哩

云游 · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:22:11

enkyklios 发表于 2013-6-8 17:13
一个介词短语作定语，一个是从句作定语我觉得区别不大。你觉得哩

噢，这样，明白了~including其实在这边属于Preposition，定语从句修饰之前的成分，和所谓的ing结构无关。我觉得你说的靠谱

Hliujing · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:25:19

这题选啥啊。。

enkyklios · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:26:20

云游发表于 2013-6-8 17:22
噢，这样，明白了~including其实在这边属于Preposition，定语从句修饰之前的成分，和所谓的ing结构无关。 ...

，

云游 · 发表于 2013-6-8 17:29:03

云游发表于 2013-6-8 17:22
噢，这样，明白了~including其实在这边属于Preposition，定语从句修饰之前的成分，和所谓的ing结构无关。 ...

补充一点点，Manhattan上刚看到的，除去介词做定语和which从句定语修饰tools的其它区别，可能有的细微区别，希望对有同样困惑的人有帮助：

Hi,

I remember that some time if the thing before the ",which" is appositive phrase, which can modify the NOUN before the phrase. So if the ",which includes" in D change to ",which include" will it be correct?

it would still be inferior, though for reasons that are probably too subtle to be tested on the gmat.
specifically, if you had "tools, which include X", then the implication would be that X is actually a component of each tool. (for instance, "...tools, which include carbon-fiber handles" --> each of the tools includes a carbon-fiber handle.)
by contrast, "tools, including X" implies that X is one of the tools.

Quote:
is "including" in E somehow may modify the subject of the sentence?

Thanks

nope -- "including" is an exception to the usual comma -ing rules.
the best way to think about "including" is to consider it a preposition, i.e., don't think about it as a -ing construction at all.

usually, comma + "including" refers to the noun or noun phrase that is located before the comma, as it does in the correct answer here.

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