og 144

144. Efforts to equalize the funds available to school districts, a major goal of education reformers and many states in the 1970's, has not significantly reduced the gaps existing between the richest and poorest districts.

(A)  has not significantly reduced the gaps existing

(B)  has not been significant in reducing the gap that exists

(C)  has not made a significant reduction in the gap that exists

(D)  have not significantly reduced the gap that exists

(E)   have not been significant in a reduction of the gaps existing

Here the answer is D. And I wonder whether it is correct to use "existing" instead of "that exists"?

一家之见。

1。语法上，应该可以的。

2。定语：分词还是从句？我也思考过类似的问题。

   结论：主要区别在于在没有时态限制的地方：用分词

   根据verbaladvance的分词例子：

   `directive prohibiting the sale to ....

   `bans prohibiting ...

   `powers enabling it...to..

   `evidence supporting ...

   `conditions ranging ... from...

    carbon dioxide resulting from...

   a biological disorder posing ... risks...   

   以上这些例子中，N.+doing 关系基本上是内在关系，例如属性/原因等。不随着时间的推移而改变。适合用doing修饰。即便是某项法令不存在了，但是该法令本身仍然是禁止.....

    对比而言，那些特定的动作，就用定语从句了。可以反映出时态来。这个题目，gap 前the 表明了特定情况，而且gap 和 exist不是内在关系，可以以前存在，可以现在存在。所以适合定语从句。

3。复习语法近20天的感觉是，ETS除了要我们选标准答案，还要我们辨别很难用对错区分的东西，要根据实际情况判断优劣，或许这个思维对MBA或是商业很重要吧。：）。这里应该是例子，从句比较好，分词也可以。所以，分词仅出现在错的选项。