关于本月语法jj的一些困惑(随着jj的增多疑问也会增多~）

stlibai · 发表于 2012-9-13 12:12:47

1。同位语与非限定性定语从句的选择
我的理解是同位语因为要加逗号，相当插入语如果复杂句子可能会引起歧义吧
但是非限从句最后的一个宾语名词后面接的是主句的谓语动词，会不会出现主句谓语动词修饰从句宾语名词的嫌疑呢？

2。Approach/near or exceed
这是习语么？我印象里没有做到过题目，搜了一下exceed好像也没有这种搭配

3。having done在什么情况下是正确的？

希望大家帮忙解答下~~
再次拜谢~~~

yakev6 · 发表于 2012-9-13 12:40:45

同位语从句和定语从句的辨析
相同点
都是名词修饰语，都需要贴近修饰
不同点
逻辑上
同位语从句时解释先行词
定语从句是修饰限定先行词
结构上
定语从句先行词+关系代词
同位语从句N+modifier

yakev6 · 发表于 2012-9-13 12:42:35

混合分词having done
副词
只能做动词修饰语
主动发出动作
表示同时已经完成
Having been shown into the office, Julia waited for the dentist to arrive.

yakev6 · 发表于 2012-9-13 12:43:32

果断关注此贴。。。语法jj也就这点用了

stlibai · 发表于 2012-9-13 13:47:40

1.状语比较，主语比较

1例句

Rice has protein of higher quality than wheat does.(主语比较）

Rice has protein of higher quality than usual/ever before/1000 years ago/people expected (状语）

2对主谓宾全的句型

主语比较： A do sth than B do.

I eat faster than you.无宾语的句子无需do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语
I eat apple faster than you do

3状语比较: A do sth than usual/ever before/people expected(直接加状语）
AS可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式
Sand road costs twice as many to build as to maintain(类似于介宾比较）
Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,）
ETS考过AS比较的习惯用法（不受上述限制，如下）
AS poor as they are, they can only afford a car.
They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.
(注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一个从句）

注意AS有时不表比较的如as you work hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。

4There be 句型等同于主谓宾全的句型(OG89)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as DVD player(宾语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as for school teachers.(介宾比交)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(介宾比较)

2.Is excepting to /is excepted to 根据句意判断

主动与被动的关系

3.平行结构：

1Unlike

2As…as…

3Not only…but also…

4V-ing +n. that ….and causing the n.

Tips:

be, can, to…可以被省略掉

平行结构开始于同一个词

如果 and 链接两个句子，可选择是否添加逗号；

一些常见的并列习语

A act as B,distinguish X from Y, X is the same as Y,

as A, so B, estimate X to be Y, X is good, and so too is Y,

X instead of Y, X, such as Y, compared to X, Y,

X is known to be Y, think of X as Y, consider X Y,

X is less than Y, make X Y,declare X Y,

Mistake X For Y,Whether X Or Y,X develops Into Y,

Not Only X(,)But Also Y, X Differs From Y, regard X As Y

4.保持句意：remain,become,go等原文中有记得留住不要随便删改句意。

5.名词+of 用来限定名词；名词+分词用来解释名词

1名词修饰语：形容词,介词短语,过去分词,不加逗号现在分词,从句,同位

EG: Tired from chasing mice, the cat took a nap.

名词和其修饰语必须互相靠近就近修饰

Wrong: Jim biked along an road to get to his house, which cut through the woods.

Right：To get to his house, Jim biked along an road, which cut through the woods.每个名词修饰语必须对应一个修饰对象，不能缺乏修饰对象 Dangling Modifier

Wrong: There was no commotion in the office, resigned to the:"bad news”

Wrong: Resigned to the bad news, there was no commotion in the office.

Right: Resigned to the bad news, the office workers made no commotion.n. 骚动；暴乱

避免一系列的修饰语修饰一个名词，让两个很长的修饰语修饰一个名词不好

最常见的模式就是：修饰语，修饰语，主谓宾必错

而一种常见容易弄错的情形是：修饰语，主语+定语从句，谓宾，这种是对的

另外，要注意所有格形式，这种形式经常会出现修饰错误,特别注意抽象名词

Wrong: Only in the past century has origami’s development, a ceremonial activity invented millennia ago, into a true art form taken place.

Right: Origami-a ceremonial activity invented millennia ago has developed into a true art form only in the past century.

2从句

Which（修饰物）、that（不能修饰人）、who /whom(修饰人)

whose, where, when, Who: 一般修饰主语；whom: 一般修饰宾语

That/whom：修饰的成分是宾语的时候，是可以省略的

Where(具体)<in which

When:< in which

在有the +n 的情况下，句子一般是不完整的，需要用限定性定语修饰

which（在没有介词的情况下）必须引导非限定性定从

Non-essential: This mansion，WHICH HAS BEEN RECENTLY PAINTED RED，is owned by the tees;

Essential: The mansion THAT HAS BEEN PAINTED RED is owned by the Lees

Non-essential: This mansion，FOR WHICH I YEARN， is owned by the Lees.

Essential: The mansion FOR WHICH I YEARN is owned by the lees.

只要记住，逗号的使用是对于那些没有必要的修饰语；

6.Agreement

Singular Subjects	Plural Subjects	It Depends
A singular subject linked to other nouns by an additive phrase	Subjects joined by and	Subjects joined by or or nor
Collective nouns
Most indefinite pronouns		SANAM pronouns
Subjects preceded by eachor every
Subjects preceded by the number of	Subjects preceded by a number of	Other numerical words and phrases
Subject(主语) phrases or clauses

7.虚拟语气

1英美两家航空公司合并提议被国会否了，因为多次facequestions____competition

D:that there would be a lack of
E:if there would be a lack of

Would不出现在if从句里

8.Idiom & diction

1Having done 可能不是错的

只能做动词修饰语；主动发出动作；表示同时已经完成

eg：Having been shown into the office, Julia waited for the dentist to arrive.

2Approach/near or exceed

3Only位置的改变

9.同位语与非限定性定语从句的选择

相同点：都是名词修饰语，都需要贴近修饰
	同位语	定从
逻辑上	解释主语	修饰限定先行词
结构上	N．+modifier	先行词+关系单词

stlibai · 发表于 2012-9-13 13:49:05

附件里是我整理的jj语法点,排版比直接复制在论坛好一些

exceed的用法再问问大家~up起来！！！

dylms · 发表于 2012-9-19 21:27:30

关于exceed，是这两种用法都可以么，求大牛指点。。。。

千沐 · 发表于 2012-10-7 20:57:51

这贴好牛！！

关于本月语法jj的一些困惑(随着jj的增多疑问也会增多~）

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