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prep 2-139 对语法笔记正确选项解释的疑问

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楼主
发表于 2008-8-15 06:16:00 | 只看该作者

prep 2-139 对语法笔记正确选项解释的疑问

prep 2-139:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore 

A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

answer C,

A,B,D,E都能够被排除没问题

--------------------------------------------------------------------

对于C我的看法是

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud,这个句子部分,通过located,called前面都没有连词可以肯定不是跟前面的句子并列,而是只是做为插入语或者同位语存在。

the opening:小孔   taste pore:味孔

说明taste pore应该是修饰the opening的。

所以说明了called the taste pore是插入语,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening.

------------------------------------------

而prep语法里的解释是:called the taste pore和located at the top of taste bud 都是修饰fingerlike projections 的,我想prep语法的解释是不是错了,另外,我上面对C的看法是对是错呢


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-15 6:18:39编辑过]
沙发
发表于 2008-8-15 10:04:00 | 只看该作者
agree
板凳
发表于 2008-8-16 21:33:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-15 6:16:00的发言:

prep 2-139:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore 

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

--------------------------------------------------------------------

对于C我的看法是

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud,这个句子部分,通过located,called前面都没有连词可以肯定不是跟前面的句子并列,而是只是做为插入语或者同位语存在。

the opening:小孔   taste pore:味孔

说明taste pore应该是修饰the opening的。

所以说明了called the taste pore是插入语,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening.

------------------------------------------

而prep语法里的解释是:called the taste pore和located at the top of taste bud 都是修饰fingerlike projections 的,我想prep语法的解释是不是错了,另外,我上面对C的看法是对是错呢


我今天也做到这道PREP里面,偶认为最难的题目了,还是疑惑:

 PREP的解释:“called 和located均修饰fingerlike projections”--如果都是修饰projection的,那么应该有连词and 吧?

aeoluseros 的解释called the taste pore是插入语修饰opening,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening

--------同上,如果都是修饰opening ,那两个修饰语也应该有and啊。

所以,偶的看法:

fingerlike
            
projections [poking through the opening], called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud.

called the taste pore 修饰的是前面的核心词projection, 而后面的located 是就近修饰taste pore。---这样的理解符合分词就近修饰的原则

翻译下:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud。

味蕾(tastebuds)由50到100个味觉细胞(tastecells)组成,每个味觉细胞上都有手指状的小突起伸向opening,这些小突起叫做味孔(taste pore),味孔分布在味蕾的顶端。

网上搜来的背景知识:(支持偶的翻译,说明是味蕾的顶部是味孔,也即locate是修饰taste pore的)

味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器.由三种细胞组成:
(1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能.

味蕾(tastebuds)由50到100个味觉细胞(tastecells)组成,每个味觉细胞上都有手指状的小突起伸向opening,这些小突起叫做味孔(taste pore),味孔分布在味蕾的顶端。

网上搜来的背景知识:(支持偶的翻译,说明是味蕾的顶部是味孔,也即locate是修饰taste pore的)

味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器.由三种细胞组成:
(1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能.

这道题目废了我将近一个小时理解, 还忘xdjm 多多批判!


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-16 21:39:21编辑过]
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2008-8-16 22:35:00 | 只看该作者

我也查到那个资料了

2.味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器。由三种细胞组成:
 (1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能。

顶部的味毛才是fingerlike projections(长梭形突起),所以深入味孔应该也就是 poking through the opening这个动作,所以味孔应该是指 the opening。

called the taste pore 修饰的是前面的名词the opening,

而后面的located 是就近修饰taste pore。-----这个我同意。


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-16 22:39:15编辑过]
5#
发表于 2008-8-16 22:47:00 | 只看该作者
umm....no, "located..."是在修the opening
6#
发表于 2008-8-16 22:54:00 | 只看该作者

恩,我也同意dingxiang的说法。projection这个词很难理解。

有个小问题, v.-ed 这个分词短语,如果是紧跟名词或名词短语,那就修饰名词和名词短语;

如果像C这样,逗号+v-ed呢?一定修饰相邻名词么?

7#
发表于 2008-8-16 23:19:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-16 22:54:00的发言:

恩,我也同意dingxiang的说法。projection这个词很难理解。

有个小问题, v.-ed 这个分词短语,如果是紧跟名词或名词短语,那就修饰名词和名词短语;

如果像C这样,逗号+v-ed呢?一定修饰相邻名词么?

偶觉得大多数情况吧

貌似分词都是就近修饰, 除非这个就近的名词是另外一个名词的修饰语,就像这道题目的  called  跳跃修饰前面的核心词 projections

8#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-8-17 03:55:00 | 只看该作者
dingxiang,你看一下我的4楼的说法...我认为called是修饰the opening
9#
发表于 2008-8-17 13:21:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-17 3:55:00的发言:
dingxiang,你看一下我的4楼的说法...我认为called是修饰the opening

不太同意

还是 分词修饰的问题,

不过,注意到这里的called前面有个逗号,而我认为这个逗号决定了called的修饰对象

先撇开这道题目,我们 看看OG和大全是怎么来的(分词做定语不多唉,多是做状语的):

24.     For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

C    Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.

OG说protecting修饰 items, 也就是分词前面的名词词组里面的核心词。

 

忘了在哪个帖子里的某位nn讲:

(1)that定语从句: 限定性

(2)wh系列定语从句: 非限定性 (有时是限定性的,要看’,’)

(3)现在分词定语: 非限定性 (这种通常是省略来的,要补回去后再做判断)

【我认为, 逗号+分词是非限定性, 不加逗号则是限定性】

(4)with短语作定语: 限定性

 

那么既然这道题目,前面有逗号,可以推测是非限定性,也就相当于

projections (poking through the opening),which is called the taste pore

 各位觉得which 应该指代哪个呢?我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

projections (poking through the opening),which is called the taste pore

 各位觉得which 应该指代哪个呢?我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

如果像你说的指代opening, 那么完全不需要逗号,应该写成
                    

fingerlike projections poking through the opening called the taste pore

实在晕,感谢各位看官这么耐心,看完偶的胡言乱语。

在考场上这道题目只能用排除法了。因为逻辑意思实在太模糊了。

最好别让我碰到, 阿弥陀佛,阿门~~~~~~~~

 

10#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-8-17 13:49:00 | 只看该作者

首先,fingerlike projections是手指状突起,不可能是 taste pore味孔,证据如下:

2.味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器。由三种细胞组成:
 (1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能。

所以顶部的味毛才是fingerlike projections(长梭形突起),所以深入味孔应该也就是 poking through the opening这个动作,所以味孔应该是指 the opening。

生物学角度,符合 taste pore是the opening的解释。

其次:

我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

看来我们的异议就在“其次”里说的,非限定性定从指代的是不是前面的核心词,我认为除非是前面的那个名词无法正确修饰了,或者说前面那个名词处于一个插入语中,才会可能跳跃修饰的,否则都是直接修饰前面那个名词。

白勇里也有说到,-ed分词短语与其前面的那个名词有非常紧密的修饰关系(很奇怪他为什么不提ing分词短语,这点不知道谁能解释一下...)。

还待各位看官评判

应该不会遇上这种题吧。。。啊们。。。保佑我们

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