[求助]关于指代修饰的问题 彻底乱套了 求指点

我是语法白痴 这几个问题想了一下午都没想通 可能基础太差了希望nn指点！！！！！

1 From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

上面这道题我会选答案但是我不明白 which could carry four 这个句子怎么能修饰canoe去，为什么不能修饰 cedar，或者修饰 rails of cedar；

三个问题：

1. 定语从句不是就近修饰吗？？为什么不能修饰介词短语中的名词呢？？因为是非限？？还是因为介词短语与主句是独立主格的关系？

2 如果是n of n'这样的结构 定语从句修饰哪个名词？？限制性定语从句和非限制性在这样的情况下有没有区别？

3.。。。。with短语不能向后修饰从句吗？？？？

2 还有一句话：。。。。。many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue.

这个也是选项没有问题 但这里的which指代是什么呢 major works of art 还是art呢

名词性从句和定语从句在这样的修饰指代上面有什么区别吗 就是这种 n of n 形式的 是修饰后面的 N呢 还是修饰整个的n of n???

3.关于it 的指代问题

我一直觉得从句中的it指代主句中的单数中心词 但有时候主语宾语都是单数名词 优先哪个呢？

As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

这里的第一个it肯定指代a rudimentary sense of vision，但是为什么不能是baby呢？？？

还有上面那句many others in the film industry, however, contend that the technique degrades major works of art, which they liken to putting lipstick on a Greek statue.  如果major works of art变成单数 it能否指代major work呢

汗 我真的不明白 可能写的乱 但是 我现在确实乱

求助求助~~~~

which可以跳跃修饰，具体的我再看下，不敢乱说

其实不是意思的问题 根据意思我可以明白

我就是想说不根据意思 纯粹是语法上面的要求 可以不可以那样的指代 现在是没有划线 但是画了线我就可以怀疑这些指代不清 所以有问题啊

语法上当然可以，which还能修饰前面一整句呢，难道一定要修饰它前面那个吗。SC以逻辑为主，逻辑上意思你都明白了为啥你还要认为which是修饰cedar的呢？你没有给出其他选项我只能这么胡乱说了：这题的canoe有很多状语修饰它，定语从句也在等着修饰它，没办法排位置了，要不你如果是作者，不分开2句话你怎么安排句子呢。with的状语没有代词，只能紧贴了，which起码还是个代词，读者能顺藤摸瓜找一找修饰词，所以被安排到后面去了.

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“As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

这里的第一个it肯定指代a rudimentary sense of vision，但是为什么不能是baby呢？？？”

这里的it就是指代baby吧...."or legally blind if a rudimentary sense of vision were an adult with such vision???"

According to two teams of paleontologists, recent fossil discoveries in Pakistan show that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates--a group of hoofed mammals that today includes cows, camels, pigs, and hippos--than to any other mammals.

(A) that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates--a group of hoofed mammals that today includes cows, camels, pigs, and hippos--than

(B) that whales, porpoises, and dolphins are more closely related to some of the oldest known even-toed ungulates--a group of hoofed mammals that today include cows, camels, pigs, and hippos--as

刚好碰到这个题目。说明定语从句是不是修饰最近的那个词不是考的关键，不是原理，不是规律。只要句子语法正确，逻辑通畅，都有可能。