A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes.
(A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump
(D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
对C选项的两点困惑: 1.reduces: 觉得用得很好,the 1972 agreement的内容是减少phosphates的量,that是修饰phosphates的,所以reduce用一般现在时(政策、协议的内容/结果用一般现在时) 如:the tax treaty between USA and India reduces the double taxation of income in both countries
2.have been:it is past and continues(from 1972)to the present(动作从1972一直持续到现在)
另外,如果你要说reduced, 如果你说had ben allowed to dump,是指1972年前他们被允许dump的。
用were allowed to dump或者are allowed to dump (看这个agreement有木有失效,不过木有这个were allowed to dump的选项啊),是说他们在1972年这个规定之后被允许dump的数量。为神马要用have been allowed to dump呀?不对啊~美女。你是不是想说had been allowed的呀?你要看理解这个句子哦,从整体理解哦!
(1)1972年表明了这个协议是签署在过去,规定的内容在过去,用一般过去,所以该用reduced。 (2)Are allowed的问题:OG中解释是:since the dumping continued after the date of the agreement, the past perfect had been allowed should instead be the present are allowed(if the agreement remained in effect when the sentence was written) or the past were allowed(if the agreement was no longer in effect when the sentence was written)(选项中没有).个人的理解:这里that指代the amount of phoshates,着重点还是在p上(从后文判断,p are allowed to dump into,amount是没法dump into的),协议只是减少了倾倒量,而不是要求停止倾倒,所以一直在延续,要用are allowed