[AWA模板] 我搜集的一些好模板

AI:

(1)   just refute:

Thers days we often hear about the concern over the issue of …

The arguer advocates that…, but is this really the case? However

Sound this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

Moreover, it appears insignificant when the negative influence is taken

Into account. As far as I am concerned, I believe that… I base my view on

Two reasons.

(2)   just spport:

Recently the issue of …has been brought to public attention.

Current wisdom says that…  In a sense, …do(does)… I base my view

On two reasons. First, … Second, …

(3)   two points, support one while refute another:

These days we often hear about the concern over the issue of…

The extent to which… involves a conflict between… and … On the

Surface, it may seem a sound idea that …, but carefully weighing on

The mind, I agree that … takes precedence over… I base my view on two

Reasons.

(4)   suppor boths stands---a balanced approach:

These days we often hear about the concern over the issue of… The

Extent to which involves a conflict between… and …  It seems to me

That there are good points in both arguments, and after carefully weighing

On the mind, I believe that we should pay attention to both… and …

One should take a balanced approach to… on a case-by-case basis.

In the first place, the reason why I have such a view is that…

A particular example for this is … Under this circumstance, it is obvious that…

In the second place, much evidence has shown that… Just imagine what would

Be like if … Hence, another equally important aspect is that…

One argument against my contention might assert that, by nature, …, and that

I am simply underestimating… Yet substantial evidence exists to the contrary…

For example,… Given this, … is certainly warranted.

I conclusion, it is in our best interest as a society… Due to the above-mentioned

Reasons, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become

More persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion I support. If …, with

Its claim for … , could be harmonized with the concerns of … , a more fruitful

Model for contemporary… could emerge.

The issue of whether...is a complex and controversial one.

              Different people hold different views due to their respective

              angles. On one hand, as is well-known and has often been

              advocated, ...; on the other hand, others probably insist that....

              We do not have to look very far to see the valid standpoint of

              this matter. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and

              provide evidence favoring the former one and refuting the latter

              one. (The complex nature of the above issue requires us to

              consider it on a case-by-case basis. In my point of view, whether

              one has advantages over the other depends on the specific

              circumstances.)

              In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to

              develop my position is that.... A good example may be found in the

              case that.... Under this circumstance/therefore, it is obvious

              that....

              In addition, there is another reason for me to choose the former

              statement/consider the latter statement to be wrong. The reason is

              not far to seek:.... To illustrate, a case in point in this

              respect is that....

              Admittedly, there is no denying that...in some conditions. As we

              know, .... However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient

              support to.... (When...of X and Y are carefully compared, the most

              striking conclusion is obvious. To sum up, while...may be true in

              exceptional cases, I agree that....)

              Consequently, I advocate that..., because: (1) ...; (2) .... Due

              to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to form

              an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely

              arrive at the conclusion I support.

Aa:

In this argument the author reaches the conclusion that…

The basis for this recommendation is that …

An additional reason given in support of this recommendation

Is that … ( The author cites … as an example in support of

This recommendation). At first glance, the author’s argument

Appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals

That it omits some important concerns that should be addressed to

Substantiate the argument.

In the first place,

In the second place,

In the third place,

In conclusion, the author fails to provide adequate justification for…

As it stands, the reasoning does not constitute a logical argument in

Favor of the recommendation. To strengthen the argument, the author

        Would have to provide evidence to prove that…  To better assess the

        Argument, we need additional detailed information about … so that we can

        Establish the conclusion whether…

              严重推荐：Argument之七宗罪

              第一宗罪：无因果联系  after this, therefore because of this

              The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The

              line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the

              former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the

              positive correlation between A and B to establish causality.

              However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily

              prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless

              other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled

              out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or

              perhaps B is caused by D.

              第二宗罪 Insufficient-sample

              The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the

              conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to

              establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few

              recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future

              trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all

              A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited

              evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

              第三宗罪: 错误类比 (based on a false analogy )<横向>

              The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in

              all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are

              points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity

              as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much

              more difficult for B to do....

              第四宗罪 all things are equal<纵向>

              The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact

              that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a

              conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that

              the background conditions have remained the same at different

              times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this

              argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they

              used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude

              that....

              第五宗罪 Either-Or choice

              The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive

              alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However,

              the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice.

              Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce

              better results.

              第六宗罪 survey is doubtful

              The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The

              claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or

              when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information

              about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents,

              it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For

              example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the

              conclusion that...would be highly suspect. Because the argument

              offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of

              interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results

              of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

              第七宗罪 gratuitous assumption

              The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that....

              However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this

              assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For

              example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is

              unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.

              六分模版：

                            The author in this argument is trying to establish that Apogee

              Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its

              operations from a single location. This conclusion is based on the

              assertion that Apogee Company’s more profit in the past years was

              simply caused by operating in one location. To support this

              conclusion, the author reasons that such centralization would

              improve profitability by cutting costs.  In addition, he assumes

              that centralization would help the company maintain better

              supervision of all employees. Closely examining the author’s logic

              and reasoning, we find that neither of these reasons provides

              sufficient support for the conclusion and this argument suffers

              two serious logical flaws.

                            First of all, this argument relies on a groundless assumption that

             the reason why Apogee Company is less profitable than before is

              because it was operated in multiple locations.

              However, no evidence stated in the report supports this crucial

              assumption. There are many other factors that could have caused or

              contributed to the result that the Apogee Company is less

              profitable. It is possible that the competitors of Apogee Company

              are stronger than past; it is also possible that the slowdown of

              the overall economical environment have caused the less

              profitability on today than past. Any of these scenarios, if true,

              would show that Apogee Company’s poor financial performance is not

              due to the multi- location operation. Therefore, without ruling

              out other factors or presenting stronger evidence, the author

              cannot conclusively assert that Apogee should close down its field

              offices and conduct all its operations from a single location.

                            Second, the author commits the “after this and therefore because

              of this” fallacy where the author assumes that because the poor

              financial performance occurred after the Apogee Company conducted

              its operation from more than one location, the multi-location

              operation was responsible for the poor financial performance. The

              statistical relationship between the poor financial performance

              and multi-location operation can not necessarily establish the

              causality between Apogee Company’s poor financial performance and

              its multi location operation. In fact, the author obviously

              ignored the possibility of other alternative factors such as the

              price increase of raw materials, or the extra expense for the

              construction of new factory, which may contribute to the Apogee

              Company’s poor financial performance. It may be only a coincidence

              that the poor financial performance happened after Apogee Company

              moved from one location operation to multi-location operation.

              Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to the

              relation between poor financial performance and multi- location

              operation, this assumption is in question and can not be accepted.

                            In conclusion, this argument is ineffective because the author

              commits the above mentioned logical mistakes. The author could

              strengthen the conclusion that Apogee Company should close its

              field offices and conducts all its operation in single location by

              demonstrating that the poor financial performance was a result of

              multi-location operation.

thanks