关于with用法的总结

今天看了论坛里关于with用法的全部讨论，经过个人汇总分析，重新总结如下：

情各位大牛指教。 

1．  With 引导的独立主格结构：with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词、介词短语、不定式、形容词等）其中的名词/代词就是该独立结构的主语。而当with+n./pron.+现在分词（过去分词）时，with可省略。

这种结构一般表示伴随状态。如She was knitting, with the television on.

这种结构可以在句首，也可以在句尾。用逗号和主句隔开。

这种情况下，是不需要考虑逻辑主语的，with后面的名词或代词就是逻辑主语。

题目包括：OG19

这种结构也出现在那道经典的争议题中：

Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people now using their mobile phones to make calls across a wide region at night and on weekends, when numerous wireless companies provide unlimited airtime for a relatively small monthly fee.

A. Because of wireless service costs plummeting in the last year, and as mobile phones are increasingly common, many people

B. As the cost of wireless service plummeted in the last year and as mobile phones became increasingly common, many people

C. In the last year, with the cost of wireless service plummeting, and mobile phones have become increasingly common, there are many people

D. With the cost of wireless service plummeting in the last year and mobile phones becoming increasingly common, many people are

E. While the cost of wireless service has plummeted in the last year and mobile phones are increasingly common, many people are
                

2．  With短语紧跟被修饰的名词后面做限制性修饰语：

og141B和D，og102E，og152E，这几个选项都不对，但og200里面的限制性修饰对了。

个人认为tianwan的经典论述很有道理：限制性修饰成分（具有某某属性的东东，隐含的意思是：没有此某某属性的就不是这个东东），非限制性修饰成分（某东东，
            此东东有某某属性）。

但好像不能以此为主来判断选项的对错。否则OG200无法解释。

3．  With＋n.，句子：这时，要考虑逻辑主语。

Og158，

4．  主语，with＋n，谓语＋宾语：这种情况with修饰主语，没有歧义，OG中的两个都是正确的使用。

OG179，OG205

5．  主谓宾，with＋n:这里with修饰宾语

OG114

6．  主谓宾＋with短语: 此时要注意with修饰可能有歧义，with可能修饰主语或宾语

212. The Baldrick Manufacturing Company has for

several years followed a policy aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving the efficiency of its distribution system.

(A) aimed at decreasing operating costs and improving

(B) aimed at the decreasing of operating costs and to improve

(C)
            aiming at the decreasing of operating costs and improving

(D) the aim of which is the decreasing of operating
            costs and improving

(E) with the aim to decrease operating costs and to
            improve

The best choice, A, offers an adjective phrase unequivocally modifying policy and exhibiting grammatical parallelism (decreasing ... and improving). In choice B, the gerund the decreasing is not grammatically parallel with the infinitive to improve. Likewise, in C and D, the decreasing of... costs is not parallel with improving the efficiency. In E, the infinitives to decrease and to improve, while parallel, are less idiomatic than the prepositional phrase of decreasing ... and improving in modifying the noun aim. Also, with the aim... improve can easily be construed as referring to the Baldrick Manufac­turing Company and so does not refer unequivocally to policy.