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62) The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospital in Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout our hospital system.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In this argument, the arguer recommended that in order to prevent serious patient infections, hospitals should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout hospital system. To support his claim, the arguer also cited that UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. In addition he also pointed hospital in Workby, that reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection than did any of their hospitals in group. However, under careful scrutiny, this argument reveals several fallacious flaws, and many more assumption are needed to make this claim more cogent. They are analyzed below.
To begin with, we are not given enough and clearly information about the comparison between UltraClean and the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. The arguer inferred that UltraClean produced a 40 percent greater reduction in the bacteria population than currently hand soaps, so UltraClean is the better choice to anti bacteria. In his logic, the arguer depends on below assumption: these two hand soaps were tested under the same condition, such as used to anti the same bacteria, numbers of people who joined the test are equal, the amount of two hand soaps which they used is totally same, two group of people who they tested were under the same health condition. But all of these assumptions are not proved, no evidence is given to make sure of these assumptions are totally tenable.
Moreover, even if the arguer’s assumptions are too weak to support his claim, he also claimed that during a subsequent test of UltraClean at their hospital in Workby, it is reported that fewer cases of patient infection than did any of the other hospitals, so we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout their hospital system. He made this conclusion depending on below assumptions: First, fewer cases of patient infection due to the UltraClean using; it is more likely that people in Workby have better health condition than people in other cities, so relationship between less infection and UltraClean use is not cause and effect. Second, UltraClean using is very effective to prevent serious patient infections. It is also untenable. We are not give clear information about UltraClean using can do kill infectious bacteria, and it is possible that UltraClean is helpless on anti bacteria, but using other drugs and better air condition in Workby hospital caused fewer cases of patient infection.
To sum up, assumptions the arguer depended to make his conclusion are not that cogent. More clear and reasonable evidence is needed to preclude other reasons that can attenuate the claim. To better support his recommendation, more logical thinking about this question is also necessary.
请大家帮忙看看我找的倒数第二段的两个Assumptions是同一个吗？这样写会被扣很惨吗？能得几分啊？跪谢！！！ |
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发表于 2012-3-8 21:59:21
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