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【新prep1问题收录】（4题）
219.(GWD-12-Q20)【未解决】（【我的疑问】：限定性修饰与非限定性修饰在表达含义上有什么区别？）
Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, also established the Library of Congress.
A.Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, also established
B.The act of Congress, which was approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, also established
C.The act of Congress approved April 24, 1800, which made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, and established
D.Approved April 24, 1800, making provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, the act of Congress also established(A)
E.Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress made provision for the removal of the government of the United States to the new federal city, Washington, D.C.
, also establishing
题目释义：Approved April 24, 1800, the act of Congress that made provision for sth…., also established
考点：逻辑意思（logical predication）句子结构（grammatical construction）
1.逻辑主语。
2.The acts of Congress：国会立法案(act不需要大写)，有public laws，也有private laws。本题只要理解国会立法案不仅仅只有一个就能作出答案。
3.限定性修饰与非限定性修饰的区别。
选项分析：A.Correct；the act of Congress是主语也是逻辑主语
B.that引导的限定性定语从句改为了which引导的非限定性定语从句，使得国会立法案就只有1800年颁布的那一个（？），违背常识；making作为伴随approved的结果状语，逻辑意思不合理，其应该是说明act的作用，修饰act[微软用户1]
C.which指代太远不及A好；and的插入使得前面分句没有谓语，后面分句没有主语。
D.主语前面部分冗长awkward；making作为非限定性修饰，使得句子表达的是act of Congress只有那么一个（？），违背常识。
E.The act of Congress少了限定性定语从句的修饰，使得句子表达的是act of Congress只有那么一个，违背常识；establish和make provision逻辑上是同一层次的，不应该把establish作为伴随结果(逻辑含义也变得不合理)，所以要不把also establishing改为and also establish，要不改为同A选项一样。
220.(GWD-24-8, OG12-86)【未解决】（【我的疑问】with独立主格的修饰主体是什么？）
The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
A.which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B.which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C.which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling(C)
E.with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
题目释义：The results … are evident in its profits, which have increased 5% during the first three months of this year…
考点：句子结构（grammatical construction）逻辑意思（logical predication）
1.with独立主格结构：
由“with＋宾语＋宾补”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语，表示伴随。这一结构中的宾语补足语可由现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词或介词短语等来充当：
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
2.时态问题。
3.AlienX: after having done something是不可能对的[微软用户2]
1)after已表示the sequence of events.没有必要用having done来表示前后
2)可是after someone/something has/have done something是acceptable; 如果变成after someone/something did something也可以[微软用户3]
选项分析：A.Increased和have increased都可以，只是表达的意义不同，如果这句话写于今年3月底，那么就用have increased，要是写于4月及以后就用increased(此处与OG12的解释略有不同)；it指代profits单复数错误；after it fell应该用after it had fallen与over the last two years搭配，但是不如after falling简洁
B.it错误同A；after it had fallen时态上没有问题，可以与over the last two years搭配，但是不如after falling简洁
C.Correct；after falling简洁，状语从句的省略
D.with独立主格修饰前面的分句，而不是its profits，修饰错误；[微软用户4]falling的逻辑主语也成了results，错误。
E.with错误同D；after having done错误。
补充说明：OG12-86解释
Verb form; Agreement; Idiom
This sentence describes two sequentially ordered indicators by which the results of a company’s cost
cutting measures can be seen. The first indicator to be identified, a 5 percent increase in profits, occurred after the indicator mentioned next. The sentence therefore needs to clarify the sequence by presenting the first-identified indicator in a clause with a verb tense that indicates a later time period than the verb tense in the clause presenting the second-identified indicator(动词时态区分动作先后顺序). The subject of the relative clause, which, refers to the plural noun profits, so subsequent pronouns referring to these profits must also be plural.
A The verb tenses do not distinguish between the times at which these indicators occurred; the singular
it does not agree with the plural profits.
B The verb tenses do not distinguish between the times when the indicators occurred; the singular it does not agree with the plural profits.
C Correct. The verb tenses clearly indicate the sequence of events.
D It is not clear what connection is being described by with;（？）the prepositional phrase makes the sentence wordy and unclear.
E It is not clear what connection is being described by with; the prepositional phrase makes the sentence
wordy and unclear.
235.(GWD-9-Q1)[微软用户5]【未解决】（【疑问选项：B？】【平行结构】：注意平行的内容是什么）
A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane[微软用户6] has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
A.Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
B.Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison
C.a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
D.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man(E)
E.a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man
题目释义：…, Book C… -- Book NS and Book Invisible Man…
考点：平行结构（parallelism）逻辑意思（logical predication）
1.主语是书，平行对称应该也是书。
2.破折号在这里的用处是补充说明主句的内容
选项分析：A.破折号之前的主语是Cane这本书，后面平行的也需要对应是书而不是人，所以后面的平行错误
B.including引导介词短语可以合理修饰到three best novels(跳跃能力比which强)，因此including后面应该列举出来三本书，但逻辑上是仅列出那俩本即可，所以including错误[微软用户7]
C.including错误同B;破折号后面的平行错误同A
D.破折号后面的平行错误同A
E.Correct；the others being用法正确，Jean Toomer's Cane，Richard Wright's Native Son，Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man平行的最漂亮完美：不仅仅都是书，而且都用了所有格。
补充说明：1.being+n.不一定错。本题破折号后可以还原为句子：The others are RW’s NS and RE’s IM.
2.关于用Black Americans还是用a Black American：日常写作中用Black Americans和a Black American都可以，逻辑和语法都没有问题，GMAT家似乎倾向于使用后者，更加清晰。[微软用户8]
256. (T-4-Q1 TS-7-41)【未解决】（【我的疑问】：选项AB的解释不明白；be known to do sth. 的含义是什么）
Scientists have dated sharp-edged flakes of stone found in the fine-grained sediments of a dry riverbed in the Afar region of Ethiopia to between 2.52 and 2.60 million years ago, pushing back by more than 150,000 years the earliest date when it is known that humans made stone tools.
A.when it is known that humans made
B.at which it is known that humans had made
C.at which humans are known to have made
D.that humans are known to be making(C)
E.of humans who were known to make
题目释义：Scientists have dated A found in B to # years ago, pushing back by # years the earliest date at which humans are known to have made.
考点：1.be known to have done sth的问题：当be known 和 do sth的发生的时间一致时，用be known to do sth；而do sth发生在be known之前时，则要用be known to have done sth。[微软用户9]
1. 大全748：...few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared.
2. 大全849：...few people have been known to taste it for the first time without requesting more.
3. og49：......satellites now known to orbit the distant planet.
* 事实上在看这两个结构时，可以把be known to这个类似助动词的成分去掉；由于跟在be known to后面的动词要用原型，所以去掉be known to以后就可以单纯地比较have done和do，have done所表示的发生时间比do所表示的发生时间要早，如果事件发生在过去就用have done，发生在现在就用do。同时如果be known to do/have done sth后面接状语那么修饰的是do/have done，而不是known.
1.date to/at区分
1) date….to可追溯sth到...几年，强调发生的时间点，后面是ago
2) date….at年代判定、鉴别/年份有….年之久，强调发生到现在经过的时间有多长，后面是old
* 具体见后面补充说明。
选项分析：A.关系代词用when和at which都是可以的[微软用户10]；此选项表达的意思是A fact [微软用户11]is known at the earliest date，逻辑含义错误。[微软用户12]（？）
B.at which it is known表达的意思是A fact is known at the earliest date，逻辑含义错误；主语从句的时态用过去完成时不够合理。
C.Correct；the earliest date at which humans are known to have made stone tools.=humans are known to have made stone tools at that date (=the earliest date) – AlienX.
D.定语从句关系代词错误；are known to be doing sth.用法unidiomatic，要表示正在进行也只要are known to do即可。
E.date of + noun用法错误，其后面那个名词都是在某个时间出现的事件，如：date of birth、date of departure、date of marriage，而date of humans不是什么事件，所以不能说 date of；应该用are known to have made，因为known是发生在现在，make发生在known之前。
[微软用户1]【我的疑问】：(1). 限定性修饰与非限定性修饰的区别？(2). 为什么“that 引导的限定性定语从句改为了which 引导的非限定性定语从句，使得国会立法案就只有1800年颁布的那一个”？(3). 本题的中文含义是什么？
[微软用户2]考点记忆！
[微软用户3]考点记忆！
[微软用户4]【我的疑问】：独立主格到底修饰句子中的哪个部分——前面的名词/跳跃修饰/主句主语/前面整个分句/……？
[微软用户5]【注意】being+ n. 不一定错。本题破折号后可以还原为句子：The others are RW’ s NS and RE’ s IM.
[微软用户6]Cane 是JT的小说名称。
[微软用户7]【我的疑问】：Including 是完全列举吗？
[微软用户8]【考点记忆】：a Black American 更常用，逻辑语法都没问题。
[微软用户9]非常重要！
[微软用户10]From Ron(Manhattan)：
I'm pretty sure that either "when" or "at which" would be acceptable. (clearly, the latter is acceptable -- it appears in the correct answer, after all -- but i wouldn't object to the former.)
If you want to get really subtle, i think (not 100% sure) that "the date when" isused for actual, precise calendar dates, whereas "the date at which" is used for the usually more vague dates of historical events, [微软用户10]such as the one in this problem.But I'm sure the test is not going to depend on this sort of nuanced difference.
[微软用户11]【我的疑问】：A fact 指的是humans made stone tools 吗？
[微软用户12]【我的疑问】：为什么错误？——“the earliest date at which humans are known to have made stone tools. ”的意思是“这个date 是因为人造石头工具而闻名”吗？“the earliest date when it is known that humans made stone tools. ”是什么意思？
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发表于 2011-4-6 23:54:44
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