几题请教

1. More than fifty years after the Second World War,a number of African American soldiers were awarded---some of them posthumously---with the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation's highest military award, and which was long overdue in recognition of their outstanding bravery.

B. with the Congressional Medal of Honor,the nation's highest military award for long-overdue

C. the Congressional Medal of Honor, which was the nation's highest award, long-overdue in

D. the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's  highest award, the nation's highest military award for long-overdue

E. the Congressional Medal of Honor, the nation's highest award, in long-overdue

我选E.

2. Responding to the public’s fascination with----and sometimes undue alarm over-possible threats from asteroids, a scale developed by astronomers rates the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet may collide with Earth.

B. a scale that astronomers have developed rates how likely it is for a particular asteroid or comet to

C. astronomers have developed a scale to rate how likely a particular asteroid or comet will be to

D. astronomers have developed a scale for rating the likelihood that a particular asteroid or comet will

E. astronomers have developed a scale that rates the likelihood of a particular asteroid or comet that may

我选D。

3. In 1981 children in the United States spent an average of slightly less than two and a half hours a week doing household chores; by 1997 they have spent nearly six hours a week.

B. chores; by 1997 that figure had grown to nearly six hours a week

C. chores, whereas nearly six hours a week were spent in 1997

D. chores, compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997

E. chores, that figure growing to nearly six hours a week in 1997

我选E。

4. In little more than a decade, Argentina has become the world’s leading exporter of honey, with nearly 90000 tons a year sold to foreign markets, almost half of which going to the United States.

E. selling nearly 90000 tons a year to foreign markets, with almost half going

我选E。但给的答案是A。我觉得A中的which不对。

因为B，C，D都有明显的错误，我就不打了。请见谅。

5. Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different temperature and densities.

B. prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by

C. its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by

D. its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result of

E. preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by

我选C。

多多指教和讨论。谢谢。

1 - 赞成；

2 - 赞成；

3 - 我选B；E无论从独立主格、时态还是平行角度，我认为都不好；

4 - 赞成；

5 - 赞成；但是此题的A和C在意思上有差距，所以我认为此题不好。

再请教 stoneren GG:

3. B中： in 1981,....用一般过去时，而by 1997.....反而用过去完成时？这是为什么呢？

版主能给偶解释下第四题吗?上次就没搞懂滴说

那么E错在什么地方呢？这个独立主格不好在什么地方呢？谢谢stoneren GG.

A中tons a year sold to的表达不好，a year插在句子中间造成句子结构不紧凑；almost half of which的独立主格结构中which指代模糊；而且，划线部分两个独立主格结构也使得句子的结构过于笨重。

E中selling现分作状语修饰主句，a year放在动宾结构后比较合理；

个人认为，E的独立主格本身没有什么问题，E的缺点在于：

1－独立主格的作用是状语，而状语不是主句核心成分，所以E改变了A的句子重心；

2－对于句子结构的平行，B的In1981 ...; by 1997 ... 相比更好；

3－由于独立主格结构的制约，E无法精确表达A所暗示的时态；

是不是可以说“by +一个表过去的时间点”，引导的谓语时态一定要用过去完成时？

我以前一直记着的观念就是：只有在 有一般过去时做参照，且发生在那个一般过去时之前，才能用过去完成时。一直都没注意到by....关联的这个时态。

还有：对于这道题，in 1981....spent....而by 1997, 用过去完成时。by 1997表从1997之前到1997止这段时间。。那么从1981到1997之间这段时间也落在这个时间段里。而1981比这个时间段还早，用一般过去时，那么从1981到1997之间这段时间用过去完成时，妥吗？总感觉怪怪的。

谢谢stoneren GG.