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A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations (such as an encounter with an unfamiliar monkey), firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence). The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
1首先作者说的是猴子的研究提供了出生顺序和individual's levels of stimulation。但是这个实验给出的都是先出生的猴子的一种hormone 即cortisol的水平要比后出生的猴子高,这是不那么有说服力的。虽然这种激素能增加个体的activity levels,但是不代表individual's levels of stimulation只是受该该激素的影响 可能这种激素确实有作用但是不是决定性的。 2另外就算这种激素的水平代表了individual's levels of stimulation,作者也没有足够的证据证明这种不同是由于出生顺序造成(但是我想不出来有其他看着像的解释)同时,母猴子第一胎的激素水平高不代表这种激素会传给小猴子 3调查问题 18个样本太少 没有统计意义 可能只是特例bulabula 4就算在人和猴子身上成立 也不能草率推广 因为猴子和人都属于灵长类 可能这只是灵长类的特性 而其他物种 比如爬行动物 或者鸟类就没有这种 另外关于introduction 要求是写alternate explanation~感觉不大太好写 大家帮帮忙 多谢了!! |
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