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前言：Being 这个知识点简直在GMAT中如影随形，很少是正确选项但做题总是能碰到它。稍不注意它就又是正确选项。今天就好好总结一下，把这个知识点解决掉。
Being在GMAT中主要的3个用法
1. being在一般情况下强调事物正在进行或正在保持一种状态，其强调的是动作的连续，而且其相当于一个动词，所以可以用于现分结构中。
例句1）
Referring to the current hostility toward smoking, smokers frequently express anxiety that their prospects for being hired and promoted are being stunted by their habit.
<第一个being代表被动，第二个being代表现在进行时被动态>
2. 表达被动 不表达进行。
例句1）Being在介词without后，表被动的动作
In his research paper, Dr. Frosh, medical director ofthe Payne Whitney Clinic, distinguishes between mood swings, which may be violent withoutbeing grounded inmental disease, and genuine manic-depressivepsychosis .
<在他的研究论文里，Dr. F，分辨了心情变化（mood swing），虽然暴力但并不限制在精神病的范畴内，与真正的躁狂抑郁性精神病的区别.>
例句2）Being在介词from后，表被动的动作
Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.
(A) to keep from
(B) to keep it from
(C) to avoid
(D) in order that it would avoid
(E) in order to keep from
OA B
3. 动名词 being 短语在句中顶一个名词用，可作介词宾语、动词宾语或主语用
例句1）
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
OA: E.
being committed 修饰executive
其他例句，非真题）
Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar (has) the property of being dissolved by water. 水具有溶解糖的特性，糖则具有被水溶解的特性。（介词宾语）
The race result is far from being satisfactory. 赛跑结果远非令人满意。（介词宾语）
She does not like being treated unequally. 她不愿受到不平等的待遇。（动词宾语）
Not being able to speak English made her feel strange. 当时不会讲英语使她感到很不自在。（主语）
The basement smelled damp after being closed for such along time. 地下室关闭这么长时间，闻起来有潮湿气味。（介词宾语）
GMAT 必错句型
1. being+n. （being多余）
It's being my dog for 10 years.(错)
2. there+being（there be是表自然存在的，不能同时强调持续）
3. n+being+done（being多余）
The dog being worn the clothes is my dog.(错)
The dog worn clothes is my dog.(对)
4. being+adj. （being后面不论是so adj，还是直接adj等等，必错！与第3条很像。）
----------------------------------------以下是错例分析------------------------------------------------------
错例分析1）动名词与being不能一起用
（错）The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing（经历，承受） being converted to cooperative ownership is if to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants.
（对）The first decision for most tenants living in a building undergoing（经历，承受） conversion to cooperative ownership is whether to sign a no-buy pledge with the other tenants.
<错的原因：句中being和undergoing都表示了进行的动作，所以being多余。结论：一句话里不需要复数的进行时强调同一件事。>
错例分析2）形容词worried已经表达一种状态了，再用being就是多余。
The current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness.
(A) being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing
(B) worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exports
(C) worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports
(D) in that they were worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exports
(E) because of its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exports
答案：C.
<A错的原因 :A中being在此处纯属多余，worried about是形容词结构，表达一种状态。worried about is preferable when describing a condition rather than an action>
<看看OG的解释， 其实A中除了being有错误意外，还有习惯用语的错误：Choice C is best because its phrasing is parallel and concise. A, D, and E begin with unnecessarily wordy phrases. Choice C also uses the idiomatic expression worried about rather than worried over (as in A) or worrying over (as in B); worried about is preferable when describing a condition rather than an action. Whereas C uses compact and parallel noun phrases such as the removal... and the failure ... , the other choices employ phrases that are wordy, awkward, or nonparallel. D is also flawed in that the plural pronoun they does not agree with the singular noun administration.>
错例分析3）动名词与being不能一起用
Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War, Horace Pippin, a Black American painter, worked by holding the brush in his right hand and guiding its movements with his left.
(A) Having the right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(B) In spite of his right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(C) Because there had been a sniper's bullet during the First World War that crippled his right hand and arm
(D) The right hand and arm being crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
(E) His right hand and arm crippled by a sniper's bullet during the First World War
答案：E
<A中，being 表示一个进行状态，就是说他的左手和胳膊正在被cripple，显然不对。且与错例1一样，一句话里不需要复数的进行时强调同一件事。A用了两个进行时 Having and being ，这是不符合语法规则的。
D中，being应省略，因为crippled这个动作仅发生在过去，并没有持续，In choice D, being should be omitted.>
错例分析4）注意区分是强调过去还是强调持续进行
Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin's ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion.
(A) Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(B) Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it
(C) Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself
(D) Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged
(E) With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself
OA: A
(逻辑上判断，being应省略，因为staged这个动作仅发生在过去，并没有持续，C uses the participle being inappropriately.)
错例分析5） 动名词与being不能一起用。
As business grows more complex, students majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly successful in the job market.
(A) majoring in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming increasingly
(B) who major in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are becoming more and more
(C) who majored in specialized areas such as those of finance and marketing are being increasingly
(D) who major in specialized areas like those of finance and marketing have been becoming more and more
(E) having majored in such specialized areas as finance and marketing are being increasingly
OA: B
<E 错。动名词与being不能一起用。>
错例分析6） 逻辑错误
The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(A) The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(B) To the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote two letters, being the only eyewitness accounts of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
(C) The only eyewitness account is in two letters by the nephew of Pliny the Elder writing to the historian Tacitus an account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
(D) Writing the only eyewitness account, Pliny the Elder’s nephew accounted for the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(E) In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius
OA: E
OG解释：B, the verb phrase that begins being the only eyewitness accounts modifies the subject of the preceding clause, suggesting non-sensically that the nephew of Pliny the Elder himself was the eyewitness accounts.
错例分析7）Being只能表达一个连续的动作或被动。being born不对。
Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop. OG解释：the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been. Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Being只能表达一个连续的动作
错例分析8） normal是形容词，本来就表示状态。不需要前面加being。
The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was normal.
(A) to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was
(B) to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was
(C) either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being
(D) either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects; none of the pregnancies was
(E) either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, without any of their pregnancies being
The OA is D.
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参考资料：
下面是霞姐的总结, 几乎一样。
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主要参考网页，感谢前辈
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-749880-1-1.html
http://zhibimo.com/read/xiaolai/a-new-english-reading-handbook/023.html
wly1202m
（中间还参考了一些前辈的网页，忘了拷贝网页。)
累死鸟。如果有解释不对的地方，请斧正。
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发表于 2017-1-22 23:36:33
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