OG12-25 / OG12-28 "Based on"的问题

下面两道题都涉及了Base on 的用法，哪位NN帮忙解释一下应用原则 。还有28题里面base on 是什么词性？介词？前面已经有developed 做谓语。

25. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars
have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an
all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth
century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as
Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”
(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers,
(B) Basing it on various ancient writers’ accounts,
(C) With accounts of various ancient writers used
for a basis,
(D) By the accounts of various ancient writers
they used,
(E) Using accounts of various ancient writers,

OG12-28

Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal
Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate
society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and
beans, the harvesting of fi sh and shellfi sh, and
exploiting other wild and domestic resources.
(A) based on cultivating such crops like corn and
beans, the harvesting of fi sh and shellfi sh, and
exploiting
(B) based on the cultivation of such crops as corn
and beans, the harvesting of fi sh and seafood,
and the exploitation of
(C) and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn
and beans, harvesting fi sh and seafood, and the
exploiting of
(D) and they based it on their cultivation of crops
such as corn and beans, the harvest of fi sh and
seafood, and exploiting
(E) and they based it on their cultivating such crops
like corn and beans, their harvest of fi sh and
shellfi sh, and they exploited

对于分词引导的从句，逻辑主语是句子主语，你把句子主语带进去，符合逻辑才行，否则排除，第一个题目scholars很显然不能based on accounts of...writers,只能using。

不明白之处就在这，学者以一些古代的作家的解释说明为基础，为什么不可以，学者用前人的解释，这两个不都行吗，希望您看看，始终想不通

based不是分词形式吗，为什么是被动啊，该词主动表被动含义？？？希望帮忙，谢谢

个人意见

25 A的用法是主谓一致

scholars are based on....显然不合理

应该是sktchy pics are based on

28 based做分词修饰society

原来如此，谢谢