求教OG12语法1

1r1r1r · 发表于 2010-3-20 13:50:54

1. The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia,
were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain
James Cook, by whom they were named supposedly
because its sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.
(A) by whom they were named supposedly
because its
(B) by whom they were named supposedly and their
(C) naming them supposedly since their
(D) who so named them supposedly because their
(E) who so named it since supposedly their
Agreement; Rhetorical construction
To avoid a wordy and confusing series of passive
clauses, the relative clause explaining what James
Cook did should be an active-voice construction
(who so named rather than by whom they were
named). Th e possessive pronoun referring to the
Glass House Mountains should be plural (their rather
than its), to agree with the plural antecedent.
A By whom they were supposedly named is a
passive construction that is unnecessarily
indirect and wordy, especially immediately
following another passive construction; the
singular its does not agree with the plural
antecedent the Glass House Mountains.
B Th is version of the sentence loses the
causal connection, failing to explain why
James Cook gave the mountains their
particular name.
C As the object of a preposition and not the
subject of the clause, James Cook does not
work as the noun that the verbal phrase
beginning with naming can describe; the
preposition since loses the important causal
logic of the sentence.
D Correct. Th is concise sentence uses activevoice
construction in the relative clause and
maintains agreement between the pronoun
their and its antecedent.
E Th e pronoun it does not agree with the plural
Mountains and the following pronoun their.
Th e correct answer is D.
我对C答案的解释有一点疑惑。照这个意思，是不是说在句未的现分都不能修饰紧挨其前的做介宾的名词，而只能做主语的伴随状语？
还有一个与这道题无关的问题：副词是不是修其后的成分，而不修其前的成分。

hughlv · 发表于 2010-3-20 15:13:40

关于现在分词作伴随状语的用法可以理解成lz那样子，至少在GMAT是这样子，否则就会产生歧义。

orgio · 发表于 2010-3-20 15:52:43

这个题我和楼主想到一块了。可以看这句话（来自时代周刊原文）：
The latest budget report from the Ministry of Finance, released to coincide with the opening of the National People's Congress in Beijing on March 5, draws attention to debt levels being incurred（by local governments forging headlong into massive infrastructural and development projects.）
注意最后我用括号括起来的部分，在这句话中现分(forging headlong...)是修饰local governments的，而不应该是"The latest budget report"，而这句话与这道题唯一区别就在于现分之前的那个逗号，所以我理解，如果没有逗号，现分应该是修饰紧挨其前的名词的，如果有了逗号，则就有可能应该修饰整句话的主语。

请高手指教

1r1r1r · 发表于 2010-3-20 22:54:58

怎么大家都忽略了第二个问题：副词是不是修其后的成分，而不修其前的成分？

orgio · 发表于 2010-3-21 14:13:41

通过研究状语和prep1-1的笔记：现分作状语，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语（此题乃mountain），所以不应选C。lz把C的naming理解成了现分作定语的形式，但作为定语它必须紧跟前面的名词，而不能存在逗号。

1r1r1r · 发表于 2010-3-21 16:07:13

21. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of
knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain
and its development from birth to adulthood, are now
drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain
grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of
knowledge over the past twenty years about
the brain and its development from birth to
adulthood, are
(B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of
knowledge about the brain and its development
from birth to adulthood over the past twenty
years, and are
(C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge
about the brain and its development from birth
to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
(D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of
knowledge over the past twenty years about the
brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
(E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past
twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the
brain and its development from birth to
adulthood,
Grammatical construction; Logical predication
Th is sentence introduces the subject
(Neuroscientists), pauses to explain what
neuroscientists have accomplished in the past
twenty years, and then concludes by explaining
what neuroscientists are presently doing as a result
of their past accomplishments. Th e second part of
the sentence—the explanation—interrupts the
fl ow of the sentence from the subject
(Neuroscientists) to the predicate (are now drawing
solid conclusions …); it should therefore be
bracketed by commas. Th e sentence construction
should provide a main verb for the subject
neuroscientists.
A Correct. Th e explanatory phrase between
the subject and predicate is set off by
commas, and the main clause contains both
a subject (Neuroscientists) and a
corresponding verb (are now drawing).
B And are indicates that are follows a previous
verb, but in fact the sentence has not yet
provided a fi rst main verb for the subject
Neuroscientists; the sentence is therefore
incomplete; over the … years appears to be
modifying adulthood.
C Amassing, like having amassed, functions as
an adjective, not a verb; the sentence
therefore lacks the fi rst main verb implied
by the compound verb construction and are
now drawing. …

D Th e final descriptor in present tense,now
drawing conclusions … does not fi t the
opening clause, which is in present-perfect
tense (have amassed a wealth …) and seems
to modify adulthood.
E Like D, this sentence attempts to attach a
present-tense descriptor to a present-perfect
clause.
Th e correct answer is A.
那楼上的战友看看OG21题D的解释，OG说now drawing conclusion看起来像修饰在其前的词，而且这次是有逗号的。这样说来的话如果now drawing conclusion是分词作定语其前也可以有逗号，如果是伴随状语他怎么会是修饰adulthood,而不是neruoscientist发出的动作呢？

orgio · 发表于 2010-3-21 22:45:00

21题D的选项，多少改变了句子强调的对象，从“drawing solid conclusions...”转移到了“have amassed a wealth of knowledge”；另外，我看OG的解释，D的now drawing solid conclusion是 seems to modify adulthood，如果根据我的经验判断，我还是认为它是修饰主句的主语，但是这种伴随状语放在句末很容易造成混淆和歧义，我的看法是，这种位置离所修饰的对象特别远的状语，都很有可能是错误选项。

1r1r1r · 发表于 2010-3-22 12:30:50

那21的A呢，不是说现分的完成时态不能充当名词定语吗？

orgio · 发表于 2010-3-22 20:21:10

"现分的完成时态不能充当名词定语", 没听说过这条噢

1r1r1r · 发表于 2010-3-22 22:29:03

白勇的语法上说的：“-ing分词的完成时太不能充当名词的定语,必须转换为定语从句”，难道错了？可解某些题的时候确实如此

求教OG12语法1

所属分类: 下线版块

正在浏览此版块的会员 ()