gwd25-5

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 09:09:00

本来这个问题发在老帖子里了，但是老帖子就这点不好，问题沉在最后，别人需要翻几页细细看才能看到，同时我问的问题跟原来的帖子也不近相同，所以又发了一个，违反发贴规定了，先道个欠。

GWD25-5

Q5.

For many revisionist historians, Christopher Columbus has come to

personify devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that

has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere.

A. devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that

has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere

B. devastation and enslavement in the name of progress by

which native peoples of the Western Hemisphere

decimated

C. devastating and enslaving in the name of progress those native

peoples of the Western Hemisphere which in the name of progress are decimated.

D. devastating and enslaving those native peoples of the western

Hemisphere which in the name of progress are decimated.

E. the devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that

have decimated the native peoples of the Western Hemisphere.

答案是A,

我想问一下A中THAT后现在完成时的时态如何解释，因为现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，这点让我很困惑？难道deimate能持续到现在？

另外对于that前的完成时时态，我觉得没问题，因为是修饰persionify的，

以前的帖子争论点都在A,E that 后的动词单复数，及that指代上，我个人认为that应是修饰progress，如果不是，这个结构就是少有歧义的可能。

请大众们讨论，不一定非要NN。

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 10:27:00

顶，等待NN

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 15:04:00

自己再顶

足球幽灵 · 发表于 2008-6-12 16:03:00

现在完成时也可以表示动作发生在过去，持续了一段时间，但已经结束。

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 16:09:00

不是吧？

那过去完成时跟现在完成时不时没区别了？

另外楼上的哥们，能找个例子吗？

足球幽灵 · 发表于 2008-6-12 16:14:00

过去完成时主要表现的是动作发生的时间关系，即一个过去动作发生在另一个过去的动作之前，表达过去的过去，所以它和现在完成时还是有明显的区别。你可以看一下11OG开头介绍中对现在完成时的介绍。我的说法由此而来，而且经过其它语法书考证。现在完成时确有我刚才说的功能。例子我一时还真想不出来。。。

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 16:27:00

查了一下百度知道，确实有你说的这种情况，

就是以下提到到第一种情况，与本题也不太相符

1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)

2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法

足球幽灵 · 发表于 2008-6-12 17:08:00

你说的不符合是指“动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在”？

doorman198 · 发表于 2008-6-12 17:21:00

是啊，decimate发生在过去，对现在产生什么影响呢？

足球幽灵 · 发表于 2008-6-12 17:44:00

但是，我个人觉的，“动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在”作为一个判断标准太主观，因为我们无法仅仅从一个句子中就能看出影响，或许人家就是影响，只是我们不知道，所以我认为这个可行性不高。比如你在baidu上查的例子：I have used this pen only three times. 说实话，我单看这个句子，真不知道它和现在的联系与影响，只觉的它是在过去发生的一个动作而已。

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