og 78好像没人问过

78. The root systems of most flowering perennials either become too crowded, which results in loss in vigor,
and spread too far outward, producing a bare center.
(A) which results in loss in vigor, and spread
(B) resulting in loss in vigor, or spreading
(C) with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading
(D) resulting in loss of vigor, or spread
(E) with a resulting loss of vigor, and spread

Answer to Question 78
Choice A misuses which: as a relative pronoun, which should refer to a specific noun rather than to the action
of an entire clause. A also produces the unidiomatic and illogical construction either... and. Choice B properly
uses a verb phrase (resulting ...) instead of which to modify the action of the first clause and also correctly
completes either with or, but the verbs following either and or are not parallel: spreading must be spread to
match become. Choice C is flawed by the nonparallel verb spreading and the wordy phrase that begins with
the result of. Choice E is similarly wordy and uses and where or is required. Choice D--concise, idiomatic, and
parallel with the rest of the sentence--is best.

我的疑问就是上面划彩色线的部分：

1；of vigor 和in vigor有什么不同？

2；黄线部分是什么意思？

3；with介词短语怎么就wordy了？

修改一下

2；划绿线部分什么意思？

1. 区别不是in vigor 或 of vigor；是loss of 或loss in。其实两者区别不大；

2. 绿线部分是说，选项B正确地使用了一个动词形式，而不是用which从句来修饰一个动作。在ETS的理念里，which从句不可以用来修饰一个动作，或者前文描述的意思，这同我们平时使用的习惯不一样。

3. with a result of显然比单独的result来得wordy，用词更多，而且感觉不那么直接。ETS喜欢直接的方式，因此单独的动词往往优于其它形式的结构，例如indicate优于be indicative of，reflect优于be reflective of，apply优于subject to the applicability，还有本题的resulting优于with a result of.....

1. A of B of C这样的两个of连着用ETS觉得不好。你读起来也会觉得很绕。

2. ETS认为which,that, it不能指代前面的句子，正确答案一般是分词和新名词；

3. resulting in的result是用的动词形式，a result of的result是抽象名词。如果在都没有其他错误的条件下，动词优于抽象名词。在很长很长很长的句子中间，正确答案往往是那个动词很多的选项，不是死规律，而是因为动词表达的意思比较清晰。