求助：怎样鉴别应该用which还是v+ing形式

到底什么时候应该用which，什么时候应该用verb+ing形式呢，有什么办法一眼就能看出吗？

每次做这种题总错，求助nn

OG71. The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which
            doubles to 12 the number of satellites now known as
                orbiting the distant planet.

(A) which doubles to 12 the number of satellites now known as orbiting

(B) doubling to 12 the number of satellites now known to orbit

(C) which doubles to 12 the number of satellites now known in orbit around

(D) doubling to 12 the number of satellites now known as orbiting

(E) which doubles to 12 the number of satellites now known that orbit

这道题用的v+ing，og说which可以指前面的任何一部分，不明确

GWD21-Q41:

The Environmental Protection Agency’s proposal to place restrictions on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, saying that the move will exacerbate the nation’s fuel supply problems.

A.      on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, saying

B.       on both diesel fuel and engines have sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and they say

C.      on both diesel fuel and diesel engines has sparked a counterattack by the oil industry, which says

D.      both on diesel fuel and engines has sparked the oil industry to a counterattack, saying

E.       both on diesel fuel and diesel engines have sparked the oil industry to counterattack, and it says

这道题答案用的which，难道就不怕指代不明了吗？

GWD3-Q3:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

A.      which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing

B.       which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing

C.      which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of

D.      including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

E.       including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

这道题又用的v+ing，我彻底晕了，到底应该怎么区分这两个啊？？

同问~

请教nn~

顶顶``

谢谢啦～～