[求助]请教白勇语法第二章的问题``

4

At ground level, ozone is a harmful pollutant, but in the stratosphere it shields the Earth from the most biologically harmful radiation emitted by the sun, radiation in the ultraviolet band of the spectrum.

划线部分没怎么看懂，是做the most biologically harmful radiation的同位语吗？可是用radiation来解释radiation很奇怪啊？

12
The rising of costs of data of data-processing operations at many financial institutions has created a growing opportunity for independent companies to provide these services more deficiently and at lower cost
The rising cost
The rising of cost 解释是不符合习惯用法，因为rise本身有名词形式。但这里是否强调上升的状态created？
            

32

One they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

C项 had not doubted that the body recovered from the river was 错在哪？

doubt可以做名词和动词，那have no doubt that 和have not doubt that 两种用法都有吗？有什么区别呢？

白勇的解释是 doubt 用否定形式，只能由that引导宾语从句 如：do not doubt that

谢谢大家了。咱是小白，问题很多。请多多指教。

32

One they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

C项 had not doubted that the body recovered from the river was 错在哪？

doubt可以做名词和动词，那have no doubt that 和have not doubt that 两种用法都有吗？有什么区别呢？

白勇的解释是 doubt 用否定形式，只能由that引导宾语从句 如：do not doubt that

谢谢大家了。咱是小白，问题很多。请多多指教。

我已经编辑了上次了，为什么总会无缘无故多出来一道重复的？而且前面两题不能够空行？
难道真是RP不好？？？ 对不起大家了，谢谢。

4.the underlined part is to explain "harmful radiation"

12."rising of costs" emphasizes on the action--"rising", while "rising costs" emphasizes on the result "higher costs". In this case the latter makes more sense

32. First of all, "had not doubted" is not the right tense. Secondly, "have no doubt" is an idiom

32
Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.

时态应该用had没有疑问，这题的选项C是had not doubt that the body recovered from the river was

不考虑缺少that of的错误，这个had no doubt that和had not doubt that 有什么区别呢？