高手赶快来救命，及其郁闷。两句话同一个用法。谢谢！！

1.When the Cold War ended, the project lost its original purpose, so another purpose was quickly grafted onto the project, that of  conducting limited-gravity experiments, even though such experiments can be done in an alternative way.

2. The format of newspaper stories, on the other hand, leads readers to pursue details of stories headed by the most important facts and so has the opposite effect on regular readers—that of maintaining the expectation of careful discussion of public issues

问题：1。请问这两个that 分别指代什么？

           2. that of +doing 这种形式怎么理解？

           3. 这两个句子中蓝色部分。So 引导的成分在这里怎么理解？

           4. 我没想到的请各位江湖高手指点：

 多谢！！！！！多谢！！！！

怎么没人来解释啊？不要管对错说一下自己的观点啊：）

搬个板凳坐等牛人出场

版主呢------休假了？ 为什么现在的人这么没有同情心啊！~~！~！~

个人见解：不是牛

that of就是指你标兰的那两句话，that of 引出具体内容

so就是因此的意思

that of 还真不知道什么意思

The format of newspaper stories leads readers to pursue details of stories

headed by the most important facts and
            so has the opposite effect on regular readers—that the opposite effect  of maintaining the expectation of careful discussion of public issues

一个是 EFFECT OF , 一个是 PURPOSE OF

多谢，多谢。

那That 后面的话在 句子中的成分是什么？

这两个好像是lsat上的题

两个that of引导的都是同位语，第一个that是指代前面的purpose,可以看做是purpose的同位语。第二个是effect的同位语

这种逻辑上的题可能很多时候要靠感觉读句子，不能太强调语法，读懂就是目的