请教gwd-7-19

Q19:

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing

5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of

 why D 啊?

 why D 啊?

原句当中最后and requiring commercial fishers 决定了，and之前并列的成分为v-ing,所以AC不对，因为和requiring不平行，E也不对，the establishing和the closing 不对，和后面不平行，自身表示也不对，不能用v-ing来表示对应的动作，因为它自己有对应的抽象名词来表示。

ABC的which用的不对，指代population去了，就算which是指代remedies,那AC已经排除了，剩个B，B的includes不对，复数remedies好歹也要用include吧！

到底谁和谁平行啊?

including....closing...and requiring吗?

我怎么觉得include不算在平行里面啊，但还用-ing，是因为是对前面内容的解释和延伸吗？

请指教！