[SC总结] OG 197 as well as / and

197. In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men.

(A)  as well as for men

(B)  as well as the men

(C)  and men too

(D)  and men as well

(E)   and also men

Two elements connected by a coordinate conjunction should be expressed in parallel form. Only A, the best choice, cor­rectly observes this rule (the most popular major for women as well as for men). B, C, D, and E omit the necessary for in the second element. In addition, by using the simple coordinate conjunction and, C, D, and E create the illogical impression that the decision of 28 percent of the women entering college in 1985 to choose business as a major also made the major the most popular among men. The conjunction as well as implies that business had already been the most popular major for men and that in 1985, for the first time, it became the most popular major

这道题我做对了，是通过for来判断的（平行），但是看了OG的解释又很迷惑了。

gemj的帖子主要讲的是"A, B, and C" or "A and B, as well as C"，但看了后，会到这题我还是有些糊。

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&ID=15840

那位高人帮忙再解释一下，本题as well as 和and的区别好么？

这个地方as well as比 and好。

And除了有dymmetric construction的用法之外( e.g. There is a copy on the desk and in the top drawer), 还具有asymmetric constructions的功能。分一下几种:
1 Temporal sequence ' X and Y' implicates ' X and then Y'

Where the coordinates denote occurnces rather than states, the linear order generally reflects the temporal sequence of the events:

e.g. He got up and had brakfast

2 Consequence: 'X and Y' implicates ' X and therefore Y'

Another common implicature is that the event expressed in the second coordinate is not only later than that expreesed in the first but also a consequence of it:

e.g. I fell off the ladder and broke my leg.

3. Condition ' X and Y' implicates ' if X then Y'

Closely related to consequence is condition

e.g. I expreess the lightest reervation and he accuses my of disloyalty

      Come over and you'll be able to see better.

4. Concession ' X and Y" implicates ' despite X'

Here we have a " nevertheless/ despite" relation between a second coordinate verbal phrase and thre first

e.g You can eat as much of this as youlike and not put on weight

5. Temporal inclusion ' X and Y ' implicates " X while Y"

In informal style and may be interpreted as " while"

e.g. He came in and I was still asleep

AS WELL AS

Campbridge上对as well as作为coordinator与and用法区别的解释和OG一样。读下文

As a coordinator, as well as is restricted to subclausal coordination: She plays the piano as well as she sings lieder, for example, has only the literal comparative interpretation. Even as a coordination, 'X as well as Y" differs from "X and Y" in that the second term is backgrounded: Y often expresses information that is dicourse-old,(如携隐MM说的第二个动作或叙述的事情已经发生了) i.e. familiar from the prior discourse.

另外as well as can be construed syntactically in two ways, introducing an element that is either coordinate (e.g. She means what she says as well as says what she menas) or subordinate (e.g. Beauty as well as love is redemptive)

miaoyin你这个知识点满好的！OG里有很多次在解释其他答案不用and的时候都说打破了因果关系。

关于X  as well as Y，基本就是这两点了：

1.      Y发生在X之前，是一个backgroud的内容

2.      Y是从属关系，X才是句子强调的重心（这个同样适用于阅读）

增加一个as well as的例子：OG221

221. Eating saltwater fish may significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for sufferers of rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, according to three research studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

(A)  significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and also aid for

(B)  be significant in reducing the risk of heart attacks and aid for

(C)  significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and aid

(D)  cause a significant reduction in the risk of heart attacks and aid to

(E)   significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks as well as aiding

Choices A, B, and D each produce a clearly unintended meaning: by using aid as a noun rather than a verb, each creates a misleading parallel with the noun risk so that the sentences nonsensically state that eating saltwater fish may reduce aid as well as risk. In addition, B and D are wordy and awkward. Choice C, the best answer, avoids the preposi­tions/or (from A and B) and to (from D), instead using aid as a verb that is parallel with reduce. Choice E lacks the grammatical parallelism of may reduce... and aid, the compound verb in C.

reduce和aid应该是同时发生的动作，如解释所说，是compound verb。这个时候只能用and，as well as暗示了aid发生在reduce之前，或暗示aid不如reduce重要，都不对。结合miaoyin提供的and用法，可以体会到compoud verb的感觉了。OG好几个地方解释说到compound，今天算是有了新体会。

谢谢，清楚多了！

关于as well as，我没有好的语法书在手边，所以没有强有力的例句找来说明问题。但是gemj的帖子里的说法我是非常同意的。有as well as的选题我基本没有错过，但是没有象现在这么仔细考虑二者区别。我的感觉也是as well as和and在语气的强弱上是不一样的。and是完全的等同，一个档次的东西连接，as well as作为一个补充，不如and来的那么平等。

浅见，大家讨论。

看了buddyk的解释，算是有点感觉了，可是一旦放到题目里面，就云里雾里了。

虽然知道题目里面还是A好，可是如果用了"and men"后，也能感觉得到和"as well as for men"是有点不一样，可就是说不出来不一样在那里，晕了一晚上了，请NN们指教。

我认为:

整个前半句都是在说woman的事情,而跟man没有关系

所以用后面用as well as,重心倾向women感觉更顺一些

还有，如果用了and，表达的意思就变成，"28 percent of the women entering college in 1985..."这一事件，使得business 同时成为男性和女性的most popular major。而事实上，business 成为男性最popular major并不是因为"28 percent of the women entering college in 1985..."这一事件，而是早已存在的事实了。所以说,在这里，and 替换as well as 会改变原意

简单点说, 就是我们的中国中学英语老师或者自己没看透或者偷懒不给我们解释清楚, 结果我们也就图方便,顺手抓来把 as well as/as well简单等价于and了.如果总是从汉语的表皮形式来看英语, 则我们永远只能作"符号转换"层面上的理解.

as well as 就是我们常讲的as...as...结构,第一个as是副词, 其意为"同样,相同",修饰well, 第二个as是连词,用于连接比较状语从句,其意为"与...一样".

既然是句子,就应该能丝毫不爽地把省略掉的重复的东西还原.还原后(暂且把making 做成make原形): The decision made it the most popular major for women as well as the decision made it the most popular major for men well. well 是程度副词,修饰made, 不要狭义地"符号转换"成中文的"好"来看,其中文含义是"相当地,很"的意思.朗读该还原句子时,有意识地在as well主句结束处略微停顿一下.

现在省掉从句中与主句重复的东西(省略的基本原则是不能产生歧义或丢失信息,省略的目的是为了用词经济),即as从句变成: as for men. 由于for介词短语作定语修饰major(在此也可当成方面状语看,修饰made),同时也更是为了强调women与men比较的中心含义(即OG所讲的平衡),所以for不能省去.

在任何句子中的所有的as well as都可这样还原,只是随着使用的便捷和频繁,人们(包括许多母语人士)都不再去问其来源,于是结果就成了所谓"习惯搭配,固定用法". 许多类似的所谓"习惯搭配,固定用法"其实都可以归结到语法上来理解.太阳下面没有新东西.

women and men 中, and把men和women纳入同一个组别来讨论,结果就没有了对比.所以产生了OG所说的歧义.

for women and men as well中,按上述还原法则,可看出as well是只修饰made,没有比较之意.