独立主格结构 -- 大全885 E-23

大全section E-23的 "many of them children" 让我很困惑,于是搜了下独立主格用法,如下. 给各位还不明白的XDJM点提示

独立结构也称为独立主格结构。实质上是一种具有逻辑主谓关系的结构。需要注意的是逻辑主语不同于主句的主语，且“独立结构”并非真正的独立，它还属于一种从属短语的结构。独立结构的类型包括不定式独立结构、分词独立结构、无动词独立结构、介词独立结构等。

●不定式独立结构的形式为 “逻辑主语 + 不定式”，常作状语，表示说明或伴随，偶尔也作主语。

例如： a. We divided the work, she to clean the window and I to sweep the floor.

            b. I to bear this is some burden. 我担负此物颇不轻松。

●分词独立结构的形式为 “逻辑主语 + 现在分词/过去分词”，常用作状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等；有时可作同位语，起补充说明的作用。

例如： a. The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. (时间)

            b. This down, he left the home. (时间)

            c. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (原因)

            d. All his savings gone, he started looking for a job. (原因)

            e. Weather permitting, we’ll have a football match tomorrow. (条件)

             f. Everything taken into account, his plan seems to be more workable. (条件)

             g. He guiding her, they crossed the street. (方式)

             h. He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (方式)

              i. He climbed slowly up the mountain, his courage slipping away at every step. (伴随)

              j. He returned, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into piece. (伴随)

              k. Three were 50 entrances for the competition, the youngest being a girl of 14. (同位语)

●无动词独立结构的形式为 “逻辑主语 + 名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”，常用作状语，表示方式或伴随等。

例如： a. The children, many of them infants, were left with nothing to eat.

             b. She sat down on the ground, her face pale with great pain.

             c. The class over, the students made for the dining hall.

             d. The teacher entered the classroom, a book in hand.

●介词独立结构的形式为 “with/without + 逻辑主语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语/不定式/现在分词/过去分词”，常作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因等。

例如     a. He left in a hurry, with the door open.

            b. The boy entered the room, without shoes and socks on.

             c. With all the work on hand, he shouldn’t have gone to the cinema last night.

             d. With a lot of homework to do, I couldn’t go to bed.

             e. Without anyone noticing, Tom slipped out of the classroom.

             f. Without a word more spoken, she left.

●独立结构的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句尾。