[晕死]求助一语法点

晕阿，我发现findjuhl的prep解释很多怎么都前后矛盾啊：

n, ving/ved中 ving 或者ved到底修饰的是什么呢？是句子的主语，还是紧跟期前的名词呢？

比如：

prep1:The Anasazi settlements at Chaco
                Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,connected by a complex regional system of roads.

这里的connect解释是说修饰句子的主语settlements

再比如：

prep39:Taste buds（味蕾） are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called（分词修饰cells ） the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud.

这道题的解释是说过去分词的后置修饰必须紧挨修饰语，插入语成分可以不算，(那么，是不是called 修饰的是cells,located修饰的是tast pore呢？）

哎～不知道还要不要参考这个资料的解释了....

请NN们解惑！

没人理我啊？