umm.. 比如说这个新prep1-188: Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. 当然having也可以被看作是状语,但是也可以被看做定语做非限定性修饰。但是不管做状语还是定语都是表达同一个逻辑意思,所以不会有修饰歧义。也就是说做非限定性修饰事实上是因为也可以被看做状语,但不发生逻辑意思上的歧义。 其他的地方没有找到例子,就剩下夸克语法里说的了: 这个句子是有问题的,夸克的语法大全里面明确写出这个用法的错误: The perfective aspect cannot usually be expressed in the nonfinite clause: wrong: The man having won the race is my brother. correct:The man who has won the race is my brother. 也就是说.完成时的ing分词形式(having done)作为限制性的修饰是不可以的,但是可以作为非限制性的修饰。GMAT里暂时没有例子违背这一规则。 ----------------- 另外补充点其他的也一起放过来: When having done 结构一定错错,因为不应该有 when。单是 Having done 就够了。 Have 有很多地方与正牌动词不同,When 后就不能用 having 了。原因是 having done 是过去,而 when 是当时,所以有冲突 |