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发表于 2003-3-7 19:20:00
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STRUCTURE
1. The life of Benjamin Franklin, a practical man _ many stories have been told, was unusually productive.
(A) of
(B) about whom
© about
(D) of which
An adjective clause using a relative pronoun that refers to man
is needed. A) and © contains prepositions only. (D) contains
a relative pronoun (which) that cannot refer to a human noun.
2. Indiana University, one of the largest in the nation, is located _ town.
(A) a small midwestern
(B) in a small midwestern
© small midwestern
(D) in small midwestern
A correctly formed prepositional phrase showing location is
needed. The indefinite article is needed before small
midwestern town. (A), ©, and (D) are missing the preposition,
the article, or both.
3. _ his life, Eugene O'Neill was regarded as the foremost American dramatist.
(A) It was the time of
(B) While
© During
(D) By the time of
A preposition is needed to begin the modifying phrase.
(A) would change the modifying phrase to a main clause.
Two main clauses cannot be joined by a comma.
(B) contains an adverb clause marker that cannot be used
as a preposition. (D) contains a preposition that doesn't fit
the meaning of the sentence.
4. _ Social Security Act of 1935 was written to insure workers against unemployment.
(A) The
(B) What the
© For the
(D) After the
An article is needed in this sentence to complete the subject.
(B) and (D) contain unnecessary clause markers before the article
and would change the sentence to a subordinate clause.
Subordinate clauses cannot stand alone as sentences. © contains
an unnecessary preposition before the article and would embed
the subject in a prepositional phrase.
5. Chemists are not sure _
(A) how precisely can cold fusion occur
(B) cold fusion can occur precisely how
© precisely how cold fusion can occur
(D) can cold fusion occur precisely how
Standard subject-verb word order is needed when a question word
begins a subordinate clause that is not a direct question. (A),
(B), and (D) contain incorrect word order.
6. Just off the Massachusetts coast _ , a popular summer resort area.
(A) Martha's Vineyard is
(B) is where Martha's Vineyard
© Martha's Vineyard
(D) is Martha's Vineyard
Inverted subject-verb word order is needed after the
introductory expression of location, just off the
Massachusetts coast. Both a subject and a verb are needed
to complete the sentence. Incorrect word order is used in (A).
(B) contains an unnecessary clause marker (Where) before
the subject. © is missing a verb.
7. Franchising offers many advantages to small business owners _ problematic.
(A) however it is
(B) even though it is
© despite its
(D) it is
(A) would be correct only if owners were followed by a period
(.) or a semicolon (;). © contains a preposition.
There is no noun object to complete a prepositional phrase
in this sentence. (D) creates a main clause. Two main clauses
cannot stand next to each other with no punctuation mark
between them.
8. Although most cats hate to swim, _ if necessary.
(A) can they do so
(B) so can they do
© they do so can
(D) they can do so
A main clause using standard subject-verb word order is needed.
Incorrect word order is used in (A), (B), and ©.
9. American author John Updike, _ ,spent his boyhood in Shillington, Pennsylvania.
(A) was the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
(B) whom the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
© the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
(D) he was the only child of a high school mathematics teacher
An appositive noun phrase or noun clause structure is needed
to rename John Updike. (A) contains an unnecessary verb before
the appositive noun phrase. (B) contains an unnecessary relative
pronoun before the appositive noun phrase. (D) contains a complete
sentence, which cannot function as an appositive.
10. In practice, setting up a chain of command in a business can be a very complicated task, _ it involves the interaction of real human beings.
(A) because of
(B) how
© as
(D) due to
An adverb clause marker is needed to begin the subordinate
clause. (A) and (D) contain prepositions, which cannot be used
as adverb clause markers. (B) contains a noun clause marker
and would create a noun clause with no place to function
as a subject, object, or complement in this sentence.
11. When linguists encounter a new language, _ work to identify all of the sounds it contains.
(A) who
(B) they
© and
(D) those
A subject is needed to complete the main clause of this sentence.
(A) contains a relative pronoun, which would change the main
clause to an adjective clause. © contains a conjunction,
which would leave the main clause without a subject. (D) contains
a determiner, which cannot function as a subject in this sentence.
12. According to recent investigations, unselfish motives, such as true empathy, _ , and commitment to a principle, sometimes surpass self-interest in influencing human behavior.
(A) to have solidarity with others
(B) others with solidarity
© solidarity with others
(D) one has solidarity with others
A noun structure parallel to the phrases true empathy
and commitment to a principle is needed. Only © contains such
a structure.
13. _ the lip of an open-pit copper mine, the huge tractors and cranes below look like toys, and people look like tiny ants scurrying about.
(A) Where
(B) While
© That
(D) From
A preposition is needed to complete the modifying phrase.
(A), (B), and © contain clause markers.
14. Not only _ atoms with their microscopes, but they now can also "feel" them with the aid of a versatile sensing device called the "magic wrist"
(A) are today's scientists able to see
(B) able to see today's scientists are
© today's scientists are able to see
(D) are able to see today's scientists
Inverted subject-verb word order is needed after the special
expression not only. Incorrect word order is used in (B),
©, and (D).
15. In the seventeenth century, North America was vast and unconquered, _ only at great cost.
(A) it promised riches but yielded its bounty
(B) promising riches but yielding its bounty
© by promising riches but by yielding its bounty
(D) its riches were promised but its bounty yielded
An -ing modifying phrase is needed. (A) and (D) would create main
clauses. Two main clauses cannot be joined only by a comma.
© contains a prepositional phrase that does not fit the meaning
of the sentence.
Written Expression
16.(A.- For make) (B.- its) nest, the yellow-headed blackbird (C.- weaves) a small cup and fastens (D.- it) to reeds above water.
An infinitive is incorrectly formed. Correction: To make
17. Native American (A.- beaded) designs are often (B.- characterized) by geometric C.- shaped) and (D.- bright) colors.
A verb form is used where a noun form is needed. Correction: shapes
18. The codfish (A.- lays) (B.- million) of eggs each year, (C.- only) a small percentage (D.- of which) actually hatch.
A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed. Correction: millions
19. When the body becomes (A.- extremely) overheated, it (B.- failure) to cool (C.- itself) again, and sunstroke (D.- can occur).
A noun form is used where a verb form is needed. Correction: fails
20. The (A.- preferring) of (B.- many) Western cultures for (C.- maintaining) a physical distance of (D.- at least) three feet during social interaction is well documented in anthropological studies.
A gerund is used where a regular noun is needed. Correction: preference
21. (A.- In chronicling) her months (B.- as) a captive of the Wampanoag Indians, Mary Rowlandson (C.- demonstrated) (D.- his)narrative skill.
A masculine pronoun adjective is used where a feminine one is needed to refer to Mary Rowlandson. Correction: her
22. The nests of (A.- most) bird (B.- species) are (C.- strategic) placed to camouflage them (D.- against predators).
An adjective form is used where an adverb form is needed. Correction: strategically
23. synthetic vitamins and minerals in pill supplements are absorbed so efficiently (A.- by the body) (B.- that are) those (C.- occurring) naturally (D.- in foods).
The equative form so ....... as is incorrectly formed. Correction: as are
24. On the one hand, most Americans (A.- feel) that space exploration is a legitimate (B.- and important) national undertaking; (C.- on the contrary,) they (D.- worry about) the amount it costs.
On the contrary is not parallel in meaning to on the one hand. Correction: on the other hand
25.Vitamin K (A.- providing) the (B.- necessary) impetus for the synthesis of (C.- at least) two proteins (D.- involved) in blood clotting.
A nonfinite verb form is used where a finite verb form is needed. Correction: provides
26. If no fossil record (A.- were) available, the next strongest evidence of the kinship among organisms would (B.- to be) similarities in the (C.- embryonic) development of organismas (D.- today).
An infinitive is used after a modal. Modals are not followed by infinitives. Correction: be
27. The black cherry tree, (A.- from which) fine cabinets and furniture (B.- is) made, is found (C.- all across) North America, from Nova Scotia (D.- to) Texas.
The plural subject, cabinets and furniture, doesn't agree in number with the verb is. Correction: are
28. Research and (A.- recommending) (B.- concerning) the dangers (C.- smoking) are beginning to have an impact on the tobacco (D.-industry) in the United States.
A gerund is used where a regular noun form is needed. Correction: recommendations
29. Antarctic blue whales (A.- can be) (B.-100 foot long) and weigh (C.- more than any) dinosaur that (D.- ever) lived.
A singular noun is used where a plural noun is needed. Correction: 100 feet long
30. Oil-base house paint is neither easy to work with (A.- or) quick to clean up, (B.- but) it is often (C.- preferred) to latex paint (D.- because of) its high sheen and durability.
The second half of a paired expression (neither .... nor)
is incorrect. Correction: nor
31. The colonists (A.- who) first settled in New England (B.- did so) (C.- because) they felt there was (D.- none) social justice in their homeland of England.
The pronoun none is used where an adjective is needed. Correction: no
32. Architect Louis Sullivan (A. commanded) the respect of (B. his) for his work on the (C.- designed) of (D.- the first) American skyscrapers.
A verb form is used where a noun form is needed. Correction: design
33. (A.- During) the 1850s, the Spanish colony of Cuba was (B.- of interest) to Southerners, (C.- who) felt they needed it (D.- for it) increasing political and economic power.
There are two objects (it and increasing) for the preposition for. Correction: for
34. Glucose is different from fructose (A.- in its) structural formula, (B.- but) the molecular formula for (C.- these) two sugars is the (D.- similar).
Similar is confused with the same. Correction: same
35. A sealer (A.- should be applied) (B.- at) wood surfaces before they are varnished; (C.- otherwise), uneven absorption of the varnish (D.- may occur).
An incorrect preposition is used. Correction: to
36. The high temperatures (A.- created) by fire are necessary (B.- for to split) (C.- open) the (D.- seed-bearing) cones of lodge pole pines.
An infinitive is incorrectly formed. Correction: to split
37. Mormon leader Brigham Young was (A.- too) brilliant and strong-willed that he was (B.- able to organize) (C.- the) most remarkable religious migration in the annals (D.- of) American history.
The first half of the expression so..... that is incorrect. Correction: so
38. (A.- Due) to her untimely death, the (B.- talented) writer Sylvia Plath was never to know how well (C.- would her work be) received (D.- by) the American public.
Inverted word order is used after how when it is not needed.
Correction: her work would be
39. From the Mexican War (A.- toward) the Civil War, the major theme of American (B.- political) history was a (C.- growing sectionalism) (D.- interacting) with a vigorous nationalism.
The second half of the expression from ..... to is incorrectly formed. Correction: to
40. In Western culture, (A.- much) attention (B.- been given) to the subject of social class conflict, (C.- which) (D.- may cause) revolution.
The present perfect passive is incorrectly formed. A form of the verb have is needed. Correction: has been given
THE TEST END
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发表于 2003-3-7 19:19:00
