this, these可否单独做主语和宾语呢？

新东方的书和携隐总结中均提到了：

代词this/that/these不能单独充当主语,必须加上名词才能作主语

但是，PREP-2-34无情的打击了我。

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

(C) hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

答案为A。难道these可以做主语？？？

望大N们解答。

帮顶

我也觉得这个问题很头疼, 以前学英语从没有提到这一说, xdf老师也只是说 this/that/these/those不能单独出现, 至于如何定义这个单独出现, 并没有明确解释, 好像这是个非常含糊的语法点.

我也觉得很困惑阿，别的题目里这样的选项都是直接被排除的。