语法日记6,7 大全250-350

此題我選了C，答案是E。可數名詞與不可數名詞應該分開來修飾。

253. Dr. Hegsted argues that just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio, mass dietary change is needed to protect the significant number who are susceptible to the life-threatening effects of press eating habits.

(A) just as polio vaccine is given to every person to protect the few who might actually contract polio

(B) like polio vaccine, which is given to every person to protect the few who might contract polio

(C) similar to polio vaccine which is given to every person in order to protect the few who might actually contract polio

(D) while, to protect the few who might actually contract polio, polio vaccine is given to every person（A）

(E) similar to the giving of polio vaccine to every person in order to protect the few who might contract polio actually

H博士認爲像給每個人打P的疫苗保護極少部分人不感染P，大衆的飲食變化是需要的來保護大部分的人容易感染危害生命的飲食習慣的影響。

我選了D，答案是A。just as sth is given to protect…, sth is needed to protect…

254. Dr. Sayre’s lecture recounted several little-known episodes in the relations between nations that illustrates what is wrong with alliances and treaties that do not have popular support.

(A) relations between nations that illustrates

(B) relation of one nation with another that illustrates

(C) relations between nations that illustrate

(D) relation of one nation with another and illustrate（B）

(E) relations of nations that illustrates

S博士的演講講述了幾個國家關係鮮爲人知的片段，表明了國家閒的聯盟和合約不受擁護的原因。

這題我選了C，答案是B。沒有說是兩個國家。

266. During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 down to its nadir in 1933.

(A) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 down to its nadir in 1933.

(B) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell by nearly fifty percent from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933.

(C) At the time of the Great Depression, industrial output fell by almost fifty percent from its 1929 peak down to its 1933 nadir.

(D) At the time of the Great Depression, industrial output fell from its peak in 1929, by nearly fifty percent, to it nadir in 1933.（B）

(E) During the Great Depression, industrial output fell from its peak in 1929 to its nadir in 1933 by nearly fifty percent.[zm1] 

在大蕭條時期，工業輸出下降了50%從1929年的最高點降到了1933年的谷底。

這題我選了E，答案是B。

1.by...是介词短语，修饰fell，所以一定要紧跟着fell；

2.fall这里是vi，所以应该没有直接的宾语吧，from to也是介词短语，作状语；

举两个例句，

But it did fall by over 4% a year between 1990 and 2005.

Composite CPI is forecast to fall by 1.5%.

267. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.

(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had

(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states

(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have

(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had（E）

(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they

在19世纪EE&FP 穿越I 这个地方，描述成型他们所到过的地方的基本的信息。

我选了C,答案是E. 时间是19世纪，不应该用完成时。

271. Eaten in the Mediterranean countries, northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for they assumed it had poisonous properties because of its relationship to deadly nightshade.

(A) northern Europeans viewed the tomato with suspicion, for they

(B) northern Europeans were suspicious of the tomato, and they

(C) the tomato was viewed with suspicion by northern Europeans, who

(D) the tomato was suspicious to northern Europeans, and it was（C）

(E) the tomato was viewed with suspicion by northern Europeans, it being

在地中海國家吃土豆，土豆被北歐人懷疑，因爲它跟某些致命的食物有關係，認爲它有毒

我選了B，答案是C。
                主語一致原則，eat tomato，所以主句主語應該是tomato。

281. Even their most ardent champions concede that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary before solar cells can meet the goal of providing one percent of the nation’s energy needs.

(A) that no less than a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary

(B) that nothing other than a technical or scientific breakthrough is needed

(C) that a technical or scientific breakthrough is necessary

(D) the necessity for an occurrence of a technical or scientific breakthrough（C）

(E) the necessity for a technical or scientific breakthrough occurring

他们最热烈的拥护者承认科技的突破是必须的在太阳能电池可以符合提供1%国家的能力需求的目标。

我选了A,答案是C. no less than 表示多达。

286．Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills its victims unless inoculated in the earliest stages of the disease.

(A) its victims unless inoculated

(B) its victims unless they are inoculated

(C) its victims unless inoculation is done

(D) the victims unless there is an inoculation（B）

(E) the victims unless inoculated

甚至今天，在P开发首个疫苗后的100年，R还是会要人性命除非在得病前期接种疫苗。

我选了E,答案是B. rabies 单数名词,用its指代，后面的they are 修饰victims，逻辑上最顺畅。

289．Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C) significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business（B）

(E) significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

执行官和联邦政府官员说工人中使用C和C的人正快速增多，毒品和酒精混用的效果被加大，每年要使得企业多花费超过100b。

我选了E,答案是B. E的错误在于and和谁平行

significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse是作为状语修饰整个句子，伴随状态。

which应该指代effects. Significantly意味深长地, 值得注目地 adv./ Significant重要的, 重大的, 可观的,
                有意义的, 有用意的 adj.

291. Factory outlet stores, operated by manufacturers, are usually located miles from downtown and regional shopping centers so as not directly to be competitive against department stores in the same trading area.

(A) so as not directly to be competitive against

(B) in order for them not to have direct competition with

© so that they do not compete directly with

(D) in order that they are not directly competitive against（C）

(E) for the purpose of not competing directly with

工厂经销商店，由生产者运营，通常位于城乡，这样可以避免和同城贸易区的直接竞争。

我选了A,答案是C.  A 中directly 位置不对，directly是副词，应该修饰形容词或动词，所以不能放在not后面.

292. Federal authorities involved in the investigation have found the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are suspicious of strangers.

(A) the local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(B) local witnesses to be difficult to locate, reticent, and are

(C) that local witnesses are difficult to locate, reticent, and

(D) local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are（C）

(E) that local witnesses are difficult to locate and reticent, and they are

联邦当权者涉入调查发现当地的目击者很难找到，都是有所保留的，而且对陌生人有所怀疑。

我选了E,正确答案是C. reticent是adj. 表示保留的，沉默寡言的，平行对称结构。

293. Federal incentives now encourage investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and no demand for new construction.

(A) investing capital in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high and

(B) capital investment in commercial office buildings, even though vacancy rates in existing structures are exceptionally high and there is

© capital to be invested in commercial office buildings even though there are exceptionally high vacancy rates in existing structures with

(D) investing capital in commercial office buildings even though the vacancy rates are exceptionally high in existing structures with（B）

(E) capital investment in commercial office buildings despite vacancy rates in existing structures that are exceptionally high, and although there is

联邦政府的动机现在是鼓励资本投资于商业办公大楼，即使现在的现有的结构空缺率很好，而且对于新的建筑的需求几乎没有。

我选了D,答案是B. despite后面加简单名词词组，考并列。Encourage sb to do/ encourage sth. 貌似没有encourage doing之说。[zm2] 

294. Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.

(A) compensating state governments for damage to

(B) compensating state governments for the damaging of

(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging

(D) giving compensation to state governments for the damage of（A）

(E) the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging

联邦政府立法建立了一个基金来清理被有毒化学物质破坏的地址，允许修正州政府对自然资源的破坏，但不允许对人民进行侵犯。

我选了C,正确答案是A. 固定用法：permit doing/ permit sb. To do sth./permit sb. Sth.错误用法：for the damage of. B/C/E都是damaging表动作，A/D是damage表名词，所以B/C/E是对动作compensate，而A表达的是对结果compensate

300. Following the destruction of the space shuttle Challenger, investigators concluded that many key people employed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its contractors work an excessive amount of overtime that has the potential of causing errors in judgment.

(A) overtime that has the potential of causing

(B) overtime that has the potential to cause

(C) overtime that potentially can cause

(D) overtime, a practice that has the potential for causing（E）

(E) overtime, a practice that can, potentially, cause

航天飞船C毁灭之后，调查人员结论许多重要的NASA工作人员和合同工由于过度加班造成潜在的判断失误。

我选了b,答案是E. potentially adv.

have the potential for sth. 有...潜力

301. Following the nutrition board’s advice on salt consumption would mean a virtual end of the use of salt in cooking, an avoidance of obviously salty foods, and reducing the reliance on processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium.

(A) reducing the reliance on processed foods that contain significant amounts of often hidden sodium

(B) reducing the reliance on processed foods containing often hidden but significant amounts of sodium

(C) a reduction of the reliance on processed foods, containing as they do often hidden sodium in significant amounts

(D) a reduced reliance on the significant amounts of hidden sodium often contained in processed foods（E）

(E) a reduced reliance on processed foods that contain significant but often hidden amounts of sodium

按照營養協會的建議對鹽的消費意味著煮食物中鹽的減少，避免明顯的咸的食物，減少依賴加工食物，這些食物包含了大量的s.

我選了C,正確答案是E.考的是平行對稱。

305. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than they originally seemed.

(A) they originally seemed

(B) they originally seem to

(C) they seemingly would cost originally

(D) it seemed originally（A）

(E) it originally seemed they would

對於很多旅行者來説，包租旅行經常要花費比他們原先想的要多的多。

我選了B,答案是A. originally是過去時的標誌詞。They指代的是travelers.

307. For most consumers, the price of automobile insurance continues to rise annually, even if free of damage claims and moving violations.

(A) even if

(B) despite being

(C) even if they are

(D) although they may be（C）

(E) even if remaining

對於大多數消費者來説，汽車保險的價格每年都在增加，即使他們沒有違反交通規則和汽車損壞。

They 指代 most consumers, 沒有they are 句子指代不清。

312. Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

(A) Formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

(B) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to new small businesses in the same way as they do to established big businesses.

(C) Because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, new small businesses are not subject to the same applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity as established big businesses.

(D) Because new small businesses are growing and are seldom in equilibrium, formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do not apply to them in the same way as to established big businesses.（D）

(E) New small businesses are not subject to the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity in the same way as established big businesses, because they are growing and are seldom in equilibrium.

因爲新的小企業增長並且很少均衡，建立大公司現金流的和債股比率的公式不能應用到建立小公司的方法中。

我選了c,答案是D。1 代词指代：当有多个可以指代的对象时，选用代词容易造成混淆。
A do … , because B ….  Ｂ如果用代词需要考虑指代是否指向A 合理
2 平行结构：
formulas （for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity ）do not apply to them in the same way as （formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity do） to established big businesses. 在不引起歧义的前提下， in the same way as 后面可以省略主语和谓语。
主谓宾 + 平行词 +（主谓）宾  ===》比较的主体是前后的宾语，
前后的主谓一致，主谓  省略·
new small businesses are not subject to（ the applicability of formulas for cash flow and the ratio of debt to equity） in the same way as established big businesses
主谓宾 + 平行词 +主谓宾      ===》比较的主体是前后的主语，
前后的宾语一致，只能省略宾语。主语后有宾语部分，比较部分的主语后的系动词不能省，因为很容易造成后面的主语和前面的宾语比较的问题。
3 词法：
are not subject to the same applicability of  歧义而且不简洁。The same way as 合理。
To X the same as to Y, 伽利略人在船头的那道题。
4 逻辑意思清晰：先原因,后结果,表达的意思清晰明确
有三种结构：
1）Because A , B .  2）B, because A   3）B because A
逗号很关键,没有逗号会引起歧义， because的优选结构是1）和2）; 不用B because A(强调歧意)
例句
Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible.
(A) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible. (分词词组修饰的是good eating habits, 明显错误. 显然 good eating habits are caused by the desire to be as thin as possible是不合逻辑的. Caused by 表示直接导致)
(B) Good eating habits sometimes fail to be maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts caused by desiring to be as thin as possible.  同choice A
(C) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, good eating habits are sometimes not maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts.
(D) Because they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits. 
(E) Young female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits because they desire to be as thin as possible.
先原因,后结果,表达的意思清晰明确

314. Founded in 1983, the magazine increased its circulation more than double since then, and its advertising.

(A) increased its circulation more than double since then,

(B) has since increased its circulation more than double,

(C) has since more than doubled its circulation

(D) since then more than doubled its circulation（C）

(E) more than doubled its circulation since then

杂志开办于1983年，它的发行从那时起已经超过两倍了，还有广告。

此题我选了D,正确答案是C. 这里的since是adv. More than double 表示远不止两倍。

since的用法：
            

介词：since 1999

连词：自从……开始；因为（对方知道的原因）
            

副词：自从……开始，也用于现在完成时，可以用于v附近也可以用于句末
            

more than:

放在数字前面表示“多于”:一定用more than—— more than 300 students；“少于”放在数字前面，一定用less than，不会用fewer than/lower than

在形容词前面表示“很”：I am more than glad to see you.

在名词前面表示“not only”: You are more than a friend to me.

在动词前面表示“远不止

317．Freedman’s survey showed that people living in small towns and rural areas consider themselves no happier than do people living in big cities.

(A) no happier than do people living

(B) not any happier than do people living

(C) not any happier than do people who live

(D) no happier than are people who are living（A）

(E) not as happy as are people who live

F的调查显示生活在小城镇和乡村的人认为他们没有生活在大城市的人快乐。

我选的是B,答案是A. no 是副词，副词修饰形容词。

320．From the bark of the paper birch tree the Menomini crafted a canoe about twenty feet long and two feet wide, with small ribs and rails of cedar, which could carry four persons or eight hundred pounds of baggage so light that a person could easily portage it around impeding rapids.

(A) baggage so light

(B) baggage being so light

(C) baggage, yet being so light

(D) baggage, and so light（E）

(E) baggage yet was so light

从M的树干弄下来的树皮做成的船大约20feet长，2feet宽，有小的r和很多c,可以乘坐4个人或800磅的货物，它是如此之轻一个人就可以轻易地带它加速前进。

我选了A,正确答案选E. 根据意思有个转折的关系。the Menomini crafted a canoe, which could carry four ... yet was ...

325．Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered the Americans, disappeared about 14,000 years ago when massive glaciers melted and caused the sea level to rise several hundred feet worldwide.

(A) are thought to have first entered

(B) were thought first to enter

(C) were thought at first to enter

(D) are thought of as first entering（A）

(E) were thought to first enter

G相信B大陆大桥，人们认为是第一个进入美国的搭桥，14000年前消失当时大量冰川融化造成全球的海平面上升。

此题我选了D,答案是A. to have entered不是现在完成时态, 而是动词不定式的完成时态，表示该不定式的动作发生在其修饰的动作之前

326. Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust, changing the measured stain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground rocks.

(A) changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying

(B) changing measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and varying

(C) changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of

(D) changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in（D）

(E) changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among

地质学家相信主要地震的警告信号可能包括那些突然的颤动，倾斜和其他一些地壳的变形，通过断层带改变测试的压力，改变地下岩石的电子的性质。

我选了E,正确答案是D. 形容词优于抽象名词？

338．If a single strain of plant is used for a given crop over a wide area, a practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods, it increases the likelihood that the impact of a single crop disease or pest will be disastrous.

(A) If a single strain of plant is used for a given crop over a wide area, a practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods, it

(B) If a single strain of plant is used for a given crop over a wide area, as is fostered by modern seed-marketing methods, it

(C) A practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods, a single strain of plant used for a given crop over a wide area

(D) A single strain of plant used for a given crop over a wide area, a practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods,（E）

(E) The use of single strain of plant for a given crop over a wide area, a practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods,

如果一棵植物用做在一个很宽广的区域种植庄稼，用现代种植的方法来培育，能够增加影响单棵作物疾病或虫害发生的可能性。

我选了D,正确答案是E. 主动优于被动。Choice A is faulty because the pronoun it and the appositive a practice each lack a noun referent. Nor are there logical referents in choice B for as is and it. Choice C entails a false appositive: the sentence now says that the single strain of plant is itself a practice fostered by modern seed-marketing methods, not that the use of a single strain is such a practice. Choice D reverses the order of the constructions, but the appositive remains illogical. Choice E is correct: use is the proper subject for the verb increases and a logical governing noun for the appositive practice. This question is of middle difficulty

346．Ignoring the admonitions of his staff, the chief financial officer accepted the advice of the consulting company because he believed that the standardized accounting procedures would prove not only inexpensive but reliable indicators of economic performance.

(A) he believed that the standardized accounting procedures would prove not only inexpensive but

(B) the standardized accounting procedures will prove both inexpensive and also

(C) he believed the standardized accounting procedures would prove themselves to be both inexpensive and

(D) he believed that the standardized accounting procedures would prove to be both inexpensive and（D）

(E) standardized accounting procedures will prove his belief that they are both inexpensive and

忽略了员工的警告，CEO接受了咨询公司的建议因为他相信标准化的审计流程不会很昂贵而且是对经济业绩的可靠估计。

我选了A,答案是D. 

prove sth. 证明sth.

A中 ..procedures prove not only...but ....indicators. -->可以理解成procedures要证明某物（indicators）.----显然与原意相悖。原意想说的是procedures证明自己是...indicators.

D中..procedures prove to be ...indicators-->正确的表明了procedures 证明自己是indicators.

请指正我的想法。谢谢

另：总结的prove的用法

prove to be adj. ----prove to be useful;

prove adj. ----prove useful;

prove that从句

prove sb. adj. ----prove sb. innocent

prove to be + n. ---prove to be indicators.

prove n. ---prove one's innocence.