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For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

正确答案: C

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感觉OG的几个SC题解释自相矛盾,请大家探讨

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楼主
发表于 2008-5-21 11:43:00 | 只看该作者

感觉OG的几个SC题解释自相矛盾,请大家探讨

OG-11-Purple-SC, No. 109,


    

109Bluegrass musician Bill Monroewhose repertory, views on musical collaborationand vocal style were influential
on generations of bluegrass artists, was also an inspiration to many musicians,
that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garcia
whose music differed significantly
from
his own..


    

(A)  were influential on generations of bluegrass
artists
was also an
inspiration to many musicians
that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garciawhose music differed significantly
from


    

(B)  influenced generations of bluegrass artistsalso inspired many musiciansincluding Elvis Presley and Jerry
Garcia
whose music
differed significantly from


    

(C)  was influential to generations of bluegrass
artists
was also
inspirational to many musicians
that included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garciawhose music was different significantly
in comparison to


    

(D)  was influential to generations of bluegrass artists,
also inspired many musicians
who included Elvis Presley and Jerry Garciathe music of whom differed
significantly when compared to


    

(E)  were an influence on generations of bluegrass
artists
was also an
inspiration to many musicians
including Elvis Presley and Jerry Garciawhose music was significantly
different from that of



答案是B, 解释如下:

”B  CorrectThe use of the concise verb forms of influenced and inspired
simplifies and clarifies the sentence
The concise use of including avoids the pronoun. The concise use of
including avoids the pronoun error and unnecessary wordiness.“

从这个解释来看,‘including。。。’ 也就是现在分词短语可以用来修饰它前面的名次,中间用逗号隔开。这里的including短语的逻辑主语一定不是句子主语,也不表达伴随方式,做伴随结果讲好像更没有道理,根据解释和我的理解,including是修饰musicians

OG-11-Purple-SC, No. 110,


    

110The nephew of Pliny the Elder-wrote the on eyewitness account of the
great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus


    

(A)  The nephew of Pliny the Eider wrote the only
eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the
historian Tacitus


    

(B)  To the historian Tacitusthe nephew of pliny the Elder wrote
two Ietters
being the
only eyewitness accounts of the great eruption of Vesuvius.


    

(C)  The only eyewitness account is in two letters
by the nephew of Pliny the Elder writing to the historian Tacitus an account of
the great eruption of Vesuvius


    

(D)  Writing the only eyewitness account, Pliny the
Elder's nephew accounted for the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to
the historian Tacitus


    

(E)  In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew
of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of
Vesuvius.



B是不对的,但大家来看对B的解释" B  Beginning the sentence with to
the historian Tacitus is clumsy and unclear
the verb phrase being...seems illogically to modify the nephewcreating with the use of the unnecessary being the awkward suggestion that the nephew was the eyewitness accounts.", 这里Being的逻辑主语又成了句子主语。按照NO.109,being完全可以理解成修饰
two Ietters.  抛去选项B的介词短语,但就后半个句子,按照no.109的解释,完全可以讲的通。

我发现在OG里,关于现在分词短语放在句末的修饰对象和其逻辑主语的问题,类似这样矛盾的解释有很多。我感觉这种修辞的用法应该是唯一的,不应该有2种用法,否则的话,这种用法本身就有歧义。
我感到很困惑。大家讨论讨论,也希望牛牛指点迷津。
沙发
发表于 2008-5-21 13:24:00 | 只看该作者

我不是NN,但也曾经为分词在句尾的作用疑惑. 不过,你说的第一题,其实including是介词,不是分词,所以它一定是修饰musicians的.而后面那题,是分词做状语,逻辑主语是句子主语the nephew.

补充一点哈, include和including有几题很有代表性,一个是OG11黄皮Diagnostic49,还有一个是大全里面一个关于某人建议房间设施的句子. 表达"包含于某个大集合的子集" 一般用include, 而表示对等举例,一般用including,这是我自己想的. 供讨论.
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-21 13:28:27编辑过]
板凳
发表于 2008-5-21 19:42:00 | 只看该作者

我不是NN啊,讨论下:

白勇里面的

分词短语(ing/ed)在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语,介词短语也一样

主句,+ing:分词短语优先充当状语,表示伴随动作(逻辑主语为句子主语)或伴随结果

优先充当状语。我觉得这个ing还是要通过逻辑或其它条件来判断。像哪位大牛(忘了,呵呵)说得好:什么都不是唯一的。

地板
 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-21 20:32:00 | 只看该作者
此言有理,刚查了查我的OALD,对including解释如下,

 
" in·clud·ing /
                        
Ñ
                        
In'klu;dIN; NAmE
                        
Ñ
                        
/

                        preposition
(abbr.
                        
incl.) having sth as part of a group or set:
I’ve got three days' holiday including New Year’s Day.
                                Ç
                            
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
                                Ç
                            
It’s £7.50,
                                
not including tax."

没想到including还真是介词,看来gmac在including (as a prep) 或including( the progress form of verb 'include' 真的是在做文章。那这样看来,现在分词放在句末的唯一语法作用就是做状语表达伴随方式或结果了。除了include以外,OG中有没有其他的像我举的例子?

关于现在分词在句首,og-11-yellow-sc no.102,


        

102. Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations, carefully  coordinating them with her narratives, capitalized
on her keen observation and love of the natural world.


        

(A)         
Beatrix Potter, in her
book illustrations, carefully
coordinating them with her narratives,


        

(B)         
In her book illustrations, carefully coordinating
them with her narratives, Beatrix Potter


        

(C)        
In her book
illustrations, which she carefully
coordinated
with her narratives, Beatrix Potter


        

(D)        
Carefully coordinated
with her narratives,
Beatrix Potter, in her book illustrations


        

(E)         
Beatrix Potter, in
her book illustrations, carefully
coordinated them with her narratives
and


        
关于B的解释,

“ B Phrase
carefully coordinating ... illogically modifies the noun
that immediately precedes it
(book illustrations); Potter, not the illustrations, did
the coordinating; awkward and unclear”


现在分词放在句首,其逻辑主语应该是句子主语;B里尽管句首有一个介词短语,我感觉应该不影响现在分词放在句首的这种用法。但是解释却说coordinating在语法上修饰它前面的名词 感觉就是 'noun, doing....'  这样的一种修辞结构. 很少见这样的修饰结构。

所以我的困惑是:
OG说coordinating在语法上修饰它前面的名词, 有什么语法上的根据?
    
5#
发表于 2008-5-22 09:38:00 | 只看该作者

OG里面,现在分词在句尾划线的还有其他几题,但印象中多数是表结果或伴随,有一题比较特别,就是那道item of military equipment, protecting.. 现在分词在句尾,有点象定语,LZ可以看一下.

另外OG102,B-分词是在句中,不是句首.这里我的理解是有修饰歧义,究竟是修饰前面的名词呢,还是修饰后面的主语? 同时,them也无指代对象,同E.相比较而言,正确答案C,很明显地分出了层次,主次分明.


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-22 9:39:04编辑过]
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-22 10:21:00 | 只看该作者
以下是引用ricee在2008-5-22 9:38:00的发言:

OG里面,现在分词在句尾划线的还有其他几题,但印象中多数是表结果或伴随,有一题比较特别,就是那道item of military equipment, protecting.. 现在分词在句尾,有点象定语,LZ可以看一下.

另外OG102,B-分词是在句中,不是句首.这里我的理解是有修饰歧义,究竟是修饰前面的名词呢,还是修饰后面的主语? 同时,them也无指代对象,同E.相比较而言,正确答案C,很明显地分出了层次,主次分明.

你说的是这题,og-11-yellow no.24

    

24. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in
Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames
were essential items of military equipment,
a method to protect warriors
against enemy arrows and spears.


    

(A)         
a method to protect


    

(B)         
as a method protecting


    

(C)        
protecting


    

(D)        
as a protection of
(E)         
to protect



OG的解释是:

Logical predication +
rhetorical construction


    

The underlined part of the sentence
begins a phrase describing
items of
military equipment.
It is awkward and inaccurate to describe
items as a method. Replacing the underlined phrase with the participle protecting creates
a modifying
phrase that clearly explains the purpose of
the
items of military
equipment.


    

A A method
to protect
is an awkward
reference to
items


    

B
The singular
a method should
not refer to the plural
items; as a method protecting is not idiomatic


    

C
Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase
revealing the purpose of the
items.



根据OG的解释,Protecting。。。是一个 modifying phrase,而且这个分词短语修饰前面的
        
items of military
equipment。这既是我前面说的“ noun, doing...."的用法。
名次真的可以这样修饰吗? 同一种形式,OG有两种解释, 为什么?
7#
发表于 2008-5-22 12:04:00 | 只看该作者

我觉得楼主举的几个例子都不矛盾啊, 楼主可否把你的想法再说得仔细点儿?

不过我对分词的修饰对象也不太明确, 期盼共同探讨.

8#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-5-22 14:00:00 | 只看该作者
我感觉矛盾的地方在第1楼的最后一段
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-22 14:00:03编辑过]
9#
发表于 2008-5-22 15:28:00 | 只看该作者
分词的用法不是唯一的,所以伤脑筋!因为形容词子句与副词子句都可改写成分词片语。至於分词片语修饰的位置也非常之灵活。


BTW,  including 真的是要修饰前一个名词,即使不是gmat考试也一样

10#
发表于 2008-5-23 00:29:00 | 只看该作者

109题我感觉是定语从句的简化,

that includes。。相对分词短语做定语应该说wordy了,故prefer用分词短语。我感觉还是分词。所以才说代词因此而省略

110 B关于being的解释真是越看越糊涂

og11-24,也是定从简化成分词定语了

并不是ing放句尾就是做状语表伴随。。。得看原句intended logical meaning,我觉得。

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