RON-SC笔记自用3-parallelism(in meaning) & pronoun

shanshancai · 发表于 2020-7-15 16:02:22

1\ tell which sentences are correct (review)
*this animal lives in grass and trees
*this animal lives in grass and in trees
*this animal lives both in grass and in trees
*this animal lives in both grass and in trees
*this animal lives both in grass and trees
*this animal lives in both grass and tree
review: 1)parallism is marked by singals, the words that follow these signals must be included in parallelism.
         2) if there is no signal on the front, see the right part and what should be parallel to the right part.

2\ if you connect two sentences/clauses with "and", you are implying(unless other transition words are presented) that these 2 ideas are independent of one another.
e.g.there was a great deal of traffic today, and i was late to work( the traffic is not responsible for me baing late)
   there was a great deal of traffic today, and thus i was late to work

    tell which sentences are correct
*this student cheats on exams by copying other student's answer and writing hints on hidden slips of paper.(two methods of cheating)
*this student cheats on exams by copying other student's answer and writes hints on hidden slips of paper.(the idea is not parallel)
*this student cheats on exams by copying other student's answer and stealing food from the school cafeteria.(two bad things:cheat and steal, this is saying stealing is a method of cheating)
*this student cheats on exams by copying other student's answer and steals food from the school cafeteria.

paralleliam is not random,you only want structures to be parallel if the idea is parallel

3\helping verb

*i can run faster than my brother
*i can run faster than my brother can
*i know more about shakespeare than my brother(ambiguous)
*i know more about shakespeare than my brother does

when do i need helping verbs in the 2nd half of a parallel construction?
1)if they are required by 2-part parallel signals (both and/either or)
2) to resolve ambiguity

where do we put the helping verb?
*i know more about shakespeare than my brother(ambiguous)

* i know more about shakespeare than my brother does
* i know more about shakespeare than does my brother ( in parallel constructions, helping verbs can precede their subjects)
* i know more about shakespeare than my highly educated brother does(adj/modifiers don't change anything)
* i know more about shakespeare than does my highly educated brother
* i know more about shakespeare than my brother, who has not studied British literature, does.(awkward, if the helping verb is separated from the noun by a following modifier)
* i know more about shakespeare than my brother does, who has not studied British literature.(you can't place a verb between a noun and a noun-modifier)
* i know more about shakespeare than does my brothe, who has not studied British literature.(when the noun is followed by a modifier, you should place helping verbs before the noun+modifier)

RON-SC笔记自用3-parallelism(in meaning) & pronoun

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