（有关曼哈顿中五种if使用的问题）一道虚拟语气求解

waq941111 · 发表于 2014-9-11 22:21:24

下面这题答案我能理解是A，但是今天在看了各种if虚拟语气的教程后，有一个问题。A里if the employee acted为什么要用acted？除了要跟未划线这个句子平行以为这个原因。曼哈顿语法给力五种if使用的情况，if +ed的，都是虚拟语气啊

In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United Stated today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result.

A. a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted
B. a corporation is committing a crime whenever one of its employees committed a crime, if those employees were acting
C. corporations commit a crime whenever one of its employees does, on the condition that the employee acts
D. corporations commit crimes whenever an employee of those corporations commit a crime, if it was while acting
E. the corporation whose employees commit a crime, commits a crime, whenever the employee acted

waq941111 · 发表于 2014-9-11 22:28:57

希望有同学能来解答呀！！确实很奇怪啊这里，如果这里不希望表达虚拟语气，if后的句子完全没必要用过去时啊..... 而且前面commits也用的一般现在时

waq941111 · 发表于 2014-9-11 22:37:42

以及下面这一题的A选项（正确选项）。if句用了虚拟语气，为何前面的句子没有用虚拟语气啊
Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.

A.is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were
B is expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal was
C. is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement be signed by them with a provision for penalties if the deal were
D.are expected to make an offer for buying First Interstate Bank until it signs a merger agreement with a provision for penalties included if the deal was
E are expected to be making an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until they sign a merger agreement including a provision for penalties if the deal were

waq941111 · 发表于 2014-9-11 23:44:57

DDDDDDDDDDDD

xcdamon · 发表于 2016-4-24 11:04:29

做到这一题 PO 以下我的看法，虽然LZ很棒成功分手G~ 以后的小伙伴做到这题可以再互相交流  open to discuss
曼哈顿上的 if... then  只是提到这个结构没有很具体说到底是条件句还是虚拟条件语气。英语的条件句有两类：真实条件句和非真实条件句。如果提出的条件是可以实现的或者与现实情况相吻合的，就是真是条件句，句子中使用一般性质的陈述语气，即主、从句中谓语使用的时态与时间相一致。
如果提出的条件与现实相反或不大可能实现的，则为非真实条件句。这个时候就需要使用虚拟语气。
IF+condition, (Then) outcome.
1.general rule with certainty
  If A eats apple, Then A gets full.[if present, then present] [equivalent to whenever A eats pizza, A gets full]
2.general rule with some uncertainty
  If A eats apple, then A may become full..[if present, then can or may]
3,Pariticular case (in the future) with certainty
  If A eats apple tomorrow, then she will become full .[if present, then future] ------> 这个是咱们中国学生最熟悉的条件句  主将从现。我记得GMAT 考了好几次，和虚拟语气比较。
4. Unlikely case( in the future)
  If A eats apple tomorrow, then she would become full. .[if hypothetical then conditional] 这里面作者认为A 不太可能吃苹果明天，would 代表了conditional tense 表示if 假象的不太可能实现，would 可以替换为could
5. Case that never happend (in the past)
  If A had eatten apple yesterday, then she would have become full..[if past perfect, then conditional perfect(would+have+past participle)]
注意 the helping verbs would and should should never go in the if part of the sentence.

--->个人觉得曼哈顿这里面五个句子，只有最后一个是虚拟语气，虚拟的地方在于--->对于过去事情的假设, 不管这个事情是不是常规事件，过去了就过去了，是不可能改变的。这也是为什么以上五个结构，只有第五个符合下面表格中于过去事实相反的结构表达。    其次，如果一个句子是 if+现在时态  则一定表达的是一个条件句，而并非是虚拟语气.

   我还是觉得更好的办法---》是读题的时候根据逻辑判断这个条件句到底是符合现实的 还是 超脱于现实的。

                     条件从句                                                             主句
与现在事实相反过去式：did,                                     were should / would / could / might + 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词                               should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词
与将来事实可能相反 should / were to + 动词原形                should / would / could / might + 动词原形

In many nations, criminal law does not apply to corporations, but in the United Stated today, a corporation commits a crime whenever one of its employees commits a crime, if the employee acted within the scope of his or her authority and if the corporation benefited as a result.
----> 对于这题我做的时候压根没觉得是虚拟语气,  逻辑上考虑 “员工行使职责内权利”是很正常且能够发生的，虽然这里是过去式，但是并不是虚拟语气中对过去的事情做出改变(强调与现实相反, if you finished the homework, you could get A ---隐含意思是其实你没有完成作业。 )。。。同样，如果我对一个没犯过错误的员工说 if you acted within..........., A corporation were should / would / could / might  （这里就需要是虚拟语气了）这里正确选项我更倾向于是把时态往前推一格的主将从现条件句，因为如果把 commits---will commit,  acted---act；benefited---benefit  就是我们熟悉的主将从现了。我个人意见是这是真实条件句时态整体前移。。

Not one of the potential investors is expected to make an offer to buy First Interstate Bank until a merger agreement is signed that includes a provision for penalties if the deal were not to be concluded.
---->再看这题其实和第一题也就差不多了。 if the deal were not to be concluded, no one is expected to .......

当然题目做多了觉得既然gmat不是一个考语法的考试，什么题目希望去找一个hard rule 或者绝对性错误都是不好的习惯
这题可能出题的都没我们想的多 ---很简单的考察了一个平行而以。

呦霍霍 · 发表于 2018-10-21 16:10:57

xcdamon 发表于 2016-4-24 11:04
做到这一题 PO 以下我的看法，虽然LZ很棒成功分手G~ 以后的小伙伴做到这题可以再互相交流 open to discu ...

同意！

冬阳Dorine · 发表于 2019-2-12 23:21:48

xcdamon 发表于 2016-4-24 11:04
做到这一题 PO 以下我的看法，虽然LZ很棒成功分手G~ 以后的小伙伴做到这题可以再互相交流 open to discu ...

感谢楼主！真的有了新思路呀！

巨鹿路417号 · 发表于 2020-11-4 18:46:03

感谢分享！

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