OG17上的一道SC题，用了by但是不用被动语态，为什么？

fwang855835 · 发表于 2017-1-25 17:54:47

原题是这样的：
The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale, with more
than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a
complex regional system of roads.
A. scale, with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
were
B. scale, with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,
C. scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that
had been
D. scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with
each
E. scale of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each had
been

答案居然是B而不是A。书上的Explanation是这样的：
This sentence makes a claim about the scale (size, extent) of the Anasazi settlements
and then illustrates that claim with a description of the settlements’ structures. The
second part of the sentence, introduced by the preposition with, describes the
structures first in terms of their rooms and then in terms of the roads that connect
them together. To describe the noun structures, the participial form connected should
be used, turning the verb into an adjective.
A. The verb were connected has no subject, since structures is the object of the
preposition with.
B. Correct. The sentence is logically coherent and grammatically correct.
C. The comma preceding each makes each a subject, but it has no verb, since that is
the subject of had been connected.
D. This sentence suggests that the scale or size of the settlements is made up of
structures, rather than uses the structures as an example of the settlements’ grand
scale; it also nonsensically indicates that each room is connected by a complex
system of roads.
E. This run-on sentence suffers from a comma splice, as the phrase following the
comma is a main clause; the reference of the pronoun each is ambiguous.

这个解释不是很懂，主语该是The Anasazi settlements，谓语该是 were built，然后呢？后面的那些里，谁修饰谁？不是很明白这个解释，为什么不可以用were connected?

emmahiggins09 · 发表于 2017-1-25 20:14:42

楼主在分辨AB的时候不要被那一大坨的modifiers 搞晕了，要抓住句子的主干，我把那些个modifiers 都用淡色隐去了。这个时候楼主应该就能看出两个动词只用逗号分开是不可以的这个时候是需要连词的。这就是为什么答案居然是B而不是A了

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale, with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

然后来看楼主下一个问题：这一大坨modifiers 谁修饰谁。楼主需要记住modifier 的原则是：modifier 是要尽可能的靠近被修饰的部分。

第一个modifier: comma with (楼主可以撸一下这个结构的用法：一般有两种可能修饰名词做adj modifier; 或者修饰动词做adv modifier.)
在这里 comma with 连着前面的动词 were built 一起，表示了settlements 被建造的如何的宏伟壮观。

第二个modifier: comma of up to 600 rooms each 这里是就近修饰structures 的, 意思就是每个structure 都是600个房间

最后来回答楼主标题里的问题：有了by 居然不用被动语态:

首先by有很多种用法，在被动语态种出现是其中的一个用法，然后楼主也要需要记住分词的过去时态是可以表示动作已经发生又可以表示被动的，这个要看句意来判断。这里的正确选项B用得是一个过去分词表示被动，然后挑战的地方就是要看comma connected 修饰的是什么, 600 rooms each 被connected to roads 显然是不现实的，所以再跳过去看 structures connected by roads 这个是make sense.

这道题包含了很多的考点很值得细细研究

FinallyMyLord · 发表于 2017-1-26 00:25:51

感谢楼上的解答。可是又有一个问题，那怎么可以一个structures，一个名词，后面带了两个comma+……这种样子的修饰而中间没有任何连词呢？

emmahiggins09 · 发表于 2017-1-26 02:23:53

FinallyMyLord 发表于 2017-1-26 00:25
感谢楼上的解答。可是又有一个问题，那怎么可以一个structures，一个名词，后面带了两个comma+……这种样子 ...

如果这里用了连词 and 的话会产生歧义，因为comma and + connected 这个过去分词，读者就会往前找到另外一个过去分词 built 这样的话就会让读者觉得这个 connected 是和前面的were built 中的built 是一起的，这不是原本的句意。

demiding · 发表于 2017-1-26 14:51:48

emmahiggins09 发表于 2017-1-26 02:23
如果这里用了连词 and 的话会产生歧义，因为comma and + connected 这个过去分词，读者就会往前找到另外 ...

同意！

fwang855835 · 发表于 2017-1-27 18:21:29

感谢二楼的回答。谢谢！

[SC悬赏令] OG17上的一道SC题，用了by但是不用被动语态，为什么？

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