[求助]关于被逗号隔开的分词短语与不定式在句子中的成分的问题

1）OG204

把正确答案代入原句：In recent years cattle breeders have increasingly used crossbreeding,partly to acquire certain characteristics in their steers and partly because crossbreeding is said to provide hybrid vigor.
红色的主句后边是逗号，逗号后边跟动词不定式，与动词不定式并列的是原因状语从句，那动词不动式做的是什么成分？？

如果把句子简化为：In recent years cattle breeders have increasingly used crossbreeding,partly to acquire certain characteristics in their steers。即主句后边用逗号，之后跟动词不动式，在语法上讲正确吗？？

同样的，OG189 的E选项也用这样的结构。

Proponents of artificial intelligence say they will be able to make computers that can understand English
and other human languages, recognize objects, and reason as an expert does-computers that will be used
to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as
these.
(A) as an expert does--computers that will be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether
to authorize a loan, or other purposes such as these
(B) as an expert does, which may be used for purposes such as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(C) like an expert--computers that will be used for such purposes as diagnosing equipment breakdowns or
deciding whether to authorize a loan
(D) like an expert, the use of which would be for purposes like the diagnosis of equipment breakdowns or
the decision whether or not a loan should be authorized
(E) like an expert, to be used to diagnose equipment breakdowns, deciding whether to authorize a loan or
not, or the like

2）OG 258 The British sociologist and activist Barbara Wootton once noted as a humorous example of income
maldistribution that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning annually
exactly what she then earned as director of adult education for London.
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning

B 选项，从OG的解释看，似乎语法上没有什么问题。 那“giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo” 这样一个分词结构，跟在一个名字后边，而且被逗号隔开，在句子中是什么成分呢？？

请大家帮忙指点迷津。

OG204不定式应该是目的状语, 修饰have used.

OG189E是错误的, 不用分析结构了.

OG258B中的分词结构应该是在做伴随状语修饰elephant.

最后一个OG258B 是不是等于:" Giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo,the elephant had been earning......."

这样一种句式啊?

又发现了一个同样的情况，http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=23&replyID=166979&id=23132&star=1&skin=0

大全，0G250 补充里边的11题

11.The growth of the railroads led to the abolition of local times, which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing from city to city, and to the establishment of regional times.
(A) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(B) which was determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and which differed
(C) which were determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing
(D) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differed
(E) determined by when the sun reached the observer’s meridian and differing

答案是E，过去分词和现在分词在句尾，并且被逗号隔开，从OG的解释看，应该是做定语。

查了一下白勇的解释，分词在句首，一般是做状语，逻辑主语=主句主语。

过去分词在句尾，一般就近修饰名词。

现在分词在句尾，一般表伴随，结果，与主句谓语动作一致，或代指前边整个句子。

这里两个都做定语来修饰名词local times 估计是因为AND并列了起来。