请教几道题

ETS TEST11

9.___________,bottle-nosed dolphins become talented performers at many aquariums.

A.When to train

B.Are training

C.When trained

D.To train them

选C

12.A auilt that looks ordinary_____________may become a work of abstract art when it is hung on a white wall.

A.lying on a bed

B.lies on a bed

C.to be lying on a bed

D.to lie on a bed

选A

13._________,the hummingbird gets its name from the sound that its wings make during flight.

A.Has a brilliant color

B.The brilliant color

C.Which is brilliantly colored

D.Brilliantly colored

选D

15.Many technological innovations,such as the telephone,___________the result of sudden bursts of inspiration in fact were preceded by many inconclusive efforts.

A.whose appearance

B.that appear to be

C.and appear to be

D.are appearing

选B

请告诉我为什么和考的知识点，谢谢！

9. c = when they are trained

12. a ：现在分词做状语

13. d：过去分词做状语

15. b：限制性定语从句

可以呀，但是非限定性从句一定要用which

　　限定性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如:

　　A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。

　　A man被限定后,指一类特定的人.这类定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义不能成立,或者含义不清,甚至让人感到莫名其妙。非限定性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响句子的整个含义。在形式上,非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如:

　　Finally we visited to the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。

　　本句若去掉从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考中,非限定性定语从句都是出现频率最高的考点之一。因此值得我们注意。

　　二、引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which(不用that)。例如:

　　Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy.热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。

　　从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成that。

　　三、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如:

　　That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。

　　句子中的which指"彼特要娶爱丽斯"这整个句子的意思。

　　四、除which外,还可用when, where, who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如:

　　After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。

　　Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。

　　五、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。试比较:

　　He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。

　　The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。

　　两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语.由于第二例是限定性定语从句,可以省略关系代词;第一例中的引导词不能省略,因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。

　　六、表示"正如"的含义时,通常用as引导非限定性定语从句,也可用which引导;但置于句首时,只能用as引导。

　　例如:

　　China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which / as we have expected.正如我们所预料的那样,中国已基本上战胜了"非典"。

　　As is well known to everybody, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。

　　但是当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时,就只能用which(而不用as)引导。例如:

　　He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected.他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。

只有当逗号后面的是非限定从句时才不能用that,但本题俩逗号里面加的只是插入语，对主句语法结构无影响，所以还是限定从句，你可以把那堆都划掉看