试论By doing sth是否需与句子逻辑主语一致

andy_lxh · 发表于 2014-9-21 15:31:15

讨论：by doing与by n.的比较，异常的困惑
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=987745

N年前的帖子，做到这里时分享一个新思路，希望NN们指教：

结论：
1. By doing sth 不需要一定与句子的逻辑主语一致，但必须与所修饰动词的逻辑主语一致
2. By sth -Longman的解释-means/metho-- used to say what means or method someone uses to do something: sample- He was taken from his home by force.
Jack was killed by Jim by using knife ( jim kill Jack by using knife)
Jack was killed by using knife (someone kill Jack by using knife)
Jack was killed by a traffic accident.
All Above are grammatical right.

看看题目：
对PREP177：
PREP177：A Wrong；D Correct
In her 26 years in the forests of Gombe, Jane Goodall collected data that proved that chimpanzees
A. exhibit the kind of curiosity so that new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from each one to others by imitating and practicing
D. exhibit the kind of curiosity by which new patterns of behavior and expression can be passed on from one to another by imitation and practice

1）仅就By sth or By doing sth部分判断，与该动作逻辑主语无关，而是imitate 及practicing为及物动词，不能单独存在。
2）假设将A项改为by imitating Noun-A and practicing Noun-B,  该修饰语正确，因为 By doing sth 为adv modifier，修饰对象为Be passed, 逻辑主语等同 pass的动作发出者， some one pass new pattern from on to another by imitating A and practicing B.  Correct

对PREP105：CORRECT Choice
Even though it was not illegal for the bank to share its customers' personal and financial information with an outside marketing company in return for a commission on sales, the state's attorney general accused the bank of engaging in deceptive business practices by failing to honor its promise to its customers to keep records private.

使用同样的方法，what "by failing " modify ? it clearly modify engaging but not accused,  所以- by failing 逻辑主语指向动作engage的逻辑主语，bank engage in deceptive business practice by failing to do XXX. Correct.
A accused b of doing sth.  A 指控B做了什么
A accused b by doing sth, A 通过做XX指控B
A accused B of doing C by doing D. 此时，判断by doing C 修饰accused 还是 doing D，需要具体语义，两者均Grammtical right

对PREP64 CORRECT Sentence
The majority of scientists believe that to reduce and stabilize atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, emissions must be cut at the source byburning fossil fuels more efficiently and, in some cases, by replacing fossil fuels altogether with alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cells

同理，what "by burning" modify ? it modify " be cut" ，逻辑主语指向cut的逻辑主语， some one cut the source by burning fossil fuels more efficiently. Correct.

andy_lxh · 发表于 2014-9-21 15:33:19

Sorry 最后一句应该是
some one cut the emissions at the source by burning fossil fuels more efficiently.

享受学习的快乐 · 发表于 2017-11-1 07:51:05

谢谢总结~正在考虑by doing逻辑主语的问题呢！

试论By doing sth是否需与句子逻辑主语一致

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