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ARGUMENT部份
<NA15>The following appeared in a memo from a public health official.
“A recent international study shows that 7,000 children who brushed their teeth with a toothpaste containing altide had 40 percent fewer cavities than 7,000 other children who did not use a toothpaste with this ingredient. Furthermore, altide occurs naturally in the water from springs on the laceType>islandlaceType> of laceName>MandibalaceName>, and residents of that island typically have very few dental fillings or artificially replaced teeth. Therefore, the cheapest and most effective way to improve the dental health of residents of nearby islands is to provide them bottled water from the
springs on Mandiba.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA16>The following appeared in an article from a health magazine.
“In a yearlong clinical trial of Mi-Quell, a new medicine for treating migraine headaches, researchers observed no significant side effects during the first five months. After six months, however, 20 percent of the subjects in the clinical trial began to report dizziness. Furthermore, during the final six months of the clinical trial, 43 of the subjects fell at least once and 18 were involved in automobile accidents. Such data indicate that Mi-Quell should be used to treat migraine headaches for up to six months, but after that time period doctors should prescribe another medicine.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA17>The following appeared in a memo from the budget planner of the city of Clearview.
“After a campaign to promote recycling of metal, paper, plastics, and glass, the city collected twice as much of these recyclable materials from local homes last year as during the previous year. When the city sold these materials, the major buyer paid 30 percent more per pound for recycled aluminum and certain grades of paper. Within a few months the city also plans to annex and collect recyclable materials from a new housing area containing over 4,000 households. Thus, by collecting larger amounts of recyclable materials and selling them at higher prices, the city’s recycling program should soon become profitable.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA18>The following appeared in a proposal from the sheriff of laceName>AdamslaceName> laceType>CountylaceType>.
“Last year a course in driver’s education became a requirement for graduation for all students at the laceName>AdamslaceName> County High School, and the board of education purchased 10 new cars to provide students in the classes with on-the-road driving experience. Nevertheless, the number of teenage drivers involved in traffic accidents here in Adams County has increased by 200 percent this year, and officers from the sheriff’s department have cited a record high number of teenagers for violations of traffic laws. Since the high school driver’s education classes have been so ineffective in improving traffic safety, we should no longer require them and should spend our limited funds on other programs.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA19>The following appeared in a memo from the president of Pampered Pooch Spas, a chain of luxury dog-grooming businesses.
“Over 70 percent of the current households in the town of Philazoa have pets, many new families are moving into Philazoa, and kennels in the area continue to report brisk sales of puppies. Furthermore, the average family income in Philazoa is 50 percent higher than the national average, and a local store reports record-high sales of the most expensive brands of dog foods. With so many devoted pet owners and such liberal spending to take good care of those pets, Philazoa will be a profitable location for a new Pampered Pooch Spa — a dog-grooming business that offers premium care at higher than average prices.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA20>The following appeared in a budget proposal for the country of Salutopia.
“Over the past 20 years the birth rate in Salutopia has declined. During that same period, however, the number of physicians practicing in Salutopia has steadily increased, and the average number of patients treated by each physician has decreased by 30 percent. Meanwhile, average life expectancy in Salutopia has risen to 71 years, and the mortality rate fell significantly last year. Since such data indicate dramatic improvements in public health and a more than adequate supply of physicians in Salutopia, the national medical college need not
expand and can perhaps even reduce its size.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA21>The following appeared in a memo from the president of Elegant Seafoods, a chain of restaurants.
“We should proceed with our plan to open a new restaurant in the busy College Plaza shopping center near Waymarsh College. Although two restaurants in that location have closed in the past two years (one a pizza parlor, the other a deli), their failure does not mean College Plaza is an unsuitable location for our restaurant. After all, the Plaza Cafe has been in business at that location for twenty years. Furthermore, national reports from the restaurant industry show that college students are eating out more frequently than ever. It is likely, then, that we will be very successful at that location.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA22>The following appeared in a newsletter distributed at a town meeting in River City.
“Recently Greenspace, Inc., purchased several hundred acres of undeveloped land on the outskirts of River City. Although Greenspace has announced that it is considering plans to turn this land into a park for the city, Greenspace is owned by Megacompany, Inc., which also owns other companies that make such diverse products as cosmetics and new houses and that have typically done little to preserve the environment. Thus, to protect the animal and plant species of River City from increased pollution, consumers should refuse to purchase any products that are made by Megacompany until Greenspace abandons its plan to develop housing on the land.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA23>The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Omni Industries.
“Last month’s reports from Omni’s top executives indicate that they spent more than 20 percent of their company travel time waiting in airports. Meanwhile, during the past year Hermes Airlines had twice as many on-time flights as any other airline. To avoid the irritation of excessive waiting, Omni should use Hermes Airlines for its company travel. Such a change should increase company profits by using employee time more productively and improving morale.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA24>The following is taken from Townsville Residential Carpet Cleaning’s business plan.
“Homes built in this country last year were an average of 20 percent larger than those built just 10 years ago. At the same time, carpet manufacturers had greater overall profits than in any previous year. To meet the demand for home carpet-cleaning services and improve our own profitability, we should take out a loan to buy an additional truck for our fleet.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA25>The following appeared in a memo from the manager of Smart Step, a retail shoe store.
“The advertising strategy of Legacy Car Dealers has always been to target first-time buyers who may then become loyal repeat customers. Using this strategy, Legacy has sold more cars than any other local dealer during the past 50 years, and its owners are quite wealthy. Thus, to insure steadily increasing sales in future years, Smart Step should direct its current advertising to a youthful audience. Furthermore, a good choice to carry out this advertising campaign is the Hang-10 agency, which has a young creative staff and has become famous for its memorable tunes in advertisements on radio.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA26>The following is from a proposal made by a government official in the country of Cortin.
“More than half of Cortin’s inhabitants live near the seacoast, as is also the case in the country of Blandis. To solve the problem of ocean pollution along the Blandis seacoast, the government of Blandis recently purchased the X-2000, a new machine that identifies specific pollutants in seawater. In the year since the X-2000 was purchased, a substantial decrease in ocean pollution has been measured at various locations along the coast of Blandis. To ensure that Cortin’s seacoast is a healthful and attractive place to live and to visit, our government should follow the example of Blandis and purchase an X-2000.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA27>The following appeared as part of an editorial in the Doddsville News.
“Last year’s accidental introduction of a species of algae-eating fish into nearby Grand Lake has dramatically cleared the lake’s once-murky waters. Since then, the number of swimmers at Grand Lake’s beaches has increased by 23 percent. Given this success at Grand Lake, Doddsville should introduce algae-eating fish into Emerald Lake. Emerald Lake is already a popular place for fishing, but improving the water there will attract additional tourists interested in swimming and boating. The result will be an increase in business and profits for Doddsville hotels and merchants.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA28>The following appeared in a consultant’s report to the Regional Cuisine, Inc.
“The number of tourists coming to Central Valley has increased 30 percent in the past three years, but no new restaurants have been opened during that time. To capitalize on the rapidly expanding tourist market, Regional Cuisine should immediately open a new restaurant in Central Valley, featuring traditional dishes of the Central Valley region. Regional Cuisine restaurants have been profitable in other tourist areas and thus we should expect to succeed in Central Valley as well.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA29>The following editorial appeared in the sports section of the Winetta Daily News.
“Because the Winetta Women’s Biking Team lost most of its races this year, the team coaches need to improve team members’ fitness by following the example of the Spandia Women’s Biking Team. After five straight years of losing more races than it won, the Spandia team signed up for the ‘Train to Win’ workout program and, only six months later, started winning more of its races. To make sure that Winetta Women’s Biking Team wins more races next year, the coaches should incorporate ‘Train to Win’ into the team’s fitness program.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA30>The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Didactica, a company that publishes textbooks.
“We have just taken an important step toward promoting our textbooks more effectively. Didactica has signed a contract with MousePrints, Inc., a company that supplies advertising-sponsored mousepads to schools free of charge. Each mousepad is printed with four ageappropriate, education-related ads that include Web site addresses, and since the mousepads are placed next to computers in classrooms and computer labs, the users of the computers are likely to visit Didactica’s Website. This method of familiarizing students and teachers with our company will help us increase our sales revenues and our share of the textbook market.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA31>The following appeared in a plan written by the business manager of a daily newspaper called The Smallville Bulletin.
“Last year nationwide revenues from classified ads posted on the Internet rose 50 percent, but our revenues from daily and weekend classified ads for autos, jobs, and homes rose only 5 percent—the smallest rise in the past five years. The message is clear: we at The Smallville Bulletin can expect that within the next five years, revenues from our classified ads section will decline steeply. Since most of our revenues will therefore come from ads placed in the other sections of our newspaper, we can best ensure the survival of The Smallville Bulletin by printing only one classified ads section per week and by creating new sections on a different set of consumer-related topics such as fashion, home decor, and technology.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA32>The following appeared in a business plan written by the manager of the Parker Hotel.
“Currently the Parker Hotel’s restaurant has a certificate of merit awarded by Bacchus, a well-known magazine for wine enthusiasts, but such certificates mean little because hundreds of other restaurants around the world also have them. To enhance our restaurant’s reputation and profitability, we should invest a million dollars in our wine inventory so that we will have a good chance of winning Bacchus’ highest award—the Vin Noble Prize—and subsequently being featured in the magazine. We would not have to keep spending large sums to maintain a comparable wine inventory, because the magazine’s inspectors do not regularly revisit Vin Noble Prize winners.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA33>The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Sinecor, a computer-software company.
“The amount of money Sinecor spent last year on paid vacations and medical benefits increased by 30 percent. To offset these expenses, we should increase to 30 percent the portion of our employees who are temporary or contract workers. Since we will not have to give these workers vacation time or medical benefits, we will save money by employing them. In addition, our regular employees will be motivated to work harder to preserve their jobs as well as their vacation and health benefits. These changes will improve Sinecor’s overall profitability and ability to compete with other companies.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc.
<NA34>The following appeared in a proposal from the sheriff of Adams County.
“This year the number of teenage drivers involved in traffic accidents here in Adams County has increased by 200 percent, and officers from the county sheriff’s department have cited a record high number of teenagers for violations of traffic laws. To deal with this increasingly serious problem, the now-optional driver’s education course at Adams County High School should become a required course for all students before their graduation. Furthermore, the board of education should purchase 10 new cars to provide all students in the classes with extensive on-the-road driving experience.”
Discuss how well reasoned . . . etc. | 
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发表于 2004-11-14 11:50:00
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