求高人

ysliver · 发表于 2012-10-25 03:32:13

13. The National Association of Fire Fighters says that 45 percent of homes now have smoke detectors, whereas only 30 percent of homes had them 10 years ago. This makes early detection of house fires no more likely, however, because over half of the domestic smoke detectors are either without batteries or else inoperative for some other reason. 　　In order for the conclusion above to be properly drawn, which one of the following assumptions would have to be made？
　　（A） Fifteen percent of domestic smoke detectors were installed less than 10 years ago.
　　（B） The number of fires per year in homes with smoke detectors has increased.
　　（C） Not all of the smoke detectors in homes are battery operated.
　　（D） The proportion of domestic smoke detectors that are inoperative has increased in the past ten years.
　　（E） Unlike automatic water sprinklers, a properly functioning smoke detector cannot by itself increase fire safety in a home.
　　14. Advertisement： HomeGlo Paints, Inc., has won the prestigious Golden Paintbrush Award ？given to the one paint manufacturer in the country that has increased the environmental safety of its product most over the past three years ？for HomeGlo Exterior Enamel. The Golden Paintbrush is awarded only on the basis of thorough tests by independent testing laboratories. So when you choose HomeGlo Exterior Enamel, you will know that you have chosen the most environmentally safe brand of paint manufactured in this country today.
　　The flawed reasoning in the advertisement most closely parallels that in which one of the following？
　　（A） The ZXC audio system received the overall top ranking for looks, performance, durability, and value in Listeners？ Report magazine' s ratings of currently produced systems. Therefore, the ZXC must have better sound quality than any other currently produced sound system.
　　（B） Morning Sunshine breakfast cereal contains, ounce for ounce, more of the nutrients needed for a healthy diet than any other breakfast cereal on the market today. Thus, when you eat Morning Sunshine, you will know you are eating the most nutritious food now on the market.
　　（C） The number of consumer visits increased more at Countryside Market last year than at any other market in the region. Therefore, Countryside' s profits must also have increased more last year than those of any other market in the region.
　　（D） Jerrold's teachers recognize him as the student who has shown more academic improvement than any other student in the junior class this year. Therefore, if Jerrold and his classmates are ranked according to their current academic performance, Jerrold must hold the highest ranking.
　　（E） Margaret Durring' s short story "The Power Lunch" won three separate awards for best short fiction of the year. Therefore, any of Margaret Durring' s earlier stories certainly has enough literary merit to be included in an anthology of the best recent short fiction.
　　15. The consistency of ice cream is adversely affected by even slight temperature changes in the freezer. To counteract his problem, manufacturers add stabilizers to ice cream. Unfortunately, stabilizers, though inexpensive, adversely affect flavor. Stabilizers are less needed if storage temperatures are very low. However, since energy costs are constantly going up, those costs constitute a strong incentive in favor of relatively high storage temperatures.
　　Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage？
　　（A） Even slight deviations from the proper consistency for ice cream sharply impair its flavor.
　　（B） Cost considerations favor sacrificing consistency over sacrificing flavor.
　　（C） It would not be cost effective to develop a new device to maintain the constancy of freezer temperatures.
　　（D） Stabilizers function well only at very low freezer temperatures.
　　（E） Very low, stable freezer temperatures allow for the best possible consistency and flavor of ice cream.
　　16. Edwina： True appreciation of Mozart's music demands that you hear it exactly as he intended it to be heard； that is, exactly as he heard it. Since he heard it on eighteenth-century instruments, it follows that so should we.
　　Alberto： But what makes you think that Mozart ever heard his music played as he had intended it to be played？ After all, Mozart was writing at a time when the performer was expected, as a matter of course, not just to interpret but to modify the written score.
　　Alberto adopts which one of the following strategies in criticizing Edwina' s position？
　　（A） He appeals to an academic authority in order to challenge the factual basis of her conclusion.
　　（B） He attacks her judgment by suggesting that she does not recognize the importance of the performer's creativity to the audience's appreciation of a musical composition.
　　（C） He defends a competing view of musical authenticity.
　　（D） He attacks the logic of her argument by suggesting that the conclusion she draws does not follow from the premises she sets forth.
　　（E） He offers a reason to believe that one of the premises of her argument is false.
　　17. Since the introduction of the Impanian National Health Scheme, Impanians （or their private insurance companies） have had to pay only for the more unusual and sophisticated medical procedures. When the scheme was introduced, it was hoped that private insurance to pay for these procedures would be available at modest cost, since the insurers would no longer be paying for the bulk of health care costs, as they had done previously. Paradoxically, however, the cost of private health insurance did not decrease but has instead increased dramatically in the years since the scheme抯 introduction.
　　Which one of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently paradoxical outcome？
　　（A） The National Health scheme has greatly reduced the number of medical claims handled annually by Impania's private insurers, enabling these firms to reduce overhead costs substantially.
　　（B） Before the National Health scheme was introduced, more than 80 percent of all Impanian medical costs were associated with procedures that are now covered by the scheme.
　　（C） Impanians who previously were unable to afford regular medical treatment now use the National Health scheme, but the number of Impanians with private health insurance has not increased.
　　（D） Impanians now buy private medical insurance only at times when they expect that they will need care of kinds not available in the National Health scheme.
　　（E） The proportion of total expenditures within Impania that is spent on health care has declined since the introduction of the National Health scheme.
　　18. In clinical trials of new medicines, half of the subjects receive the drug being tested and half receive a physiologically inert substance ？a placebo. Trials are designed with the intention that neither subjects nor experimenters will find out which subjects are actually being given the drug being tested. However, this intention is frequently frustrated because ____.
　　Which one of the following, if true, most appropriately completes the explanation？
　　（A） often the subjects who receive the drug being tested develop symptoms that the experimenters recognize as side effects of the physiologically active drug
　　（B） subjects who believe they are receiving the drug being tested often display improvements in their conditions regardless of whether what is administered to them is physiologically active or not
　　（C） in general, when the trial is intended to establish the experimental drug's safety rather than its effectiveness, all of the subjects are healthy
　　（D） when a trial runs a long time, few of the experimenters will work on it from inception to conclusion
　　（E） the people who are subjects for clinical trials must, by law, be volunteers and must be informed of the possibility that they will receive a placebo
19. It takes 365.25 days for the Earth to make one complete revolution around the sun. Long ？standing convention makes a year 365 days long, with an extra day added every fourth year, and the year is divided into 52 seven-day weeks. But since 52 times 7 is only 364, anniversaries do not fall on the same day of the week each year. Many scheduling problems could be avoided if the last day of each year and an additional day every fourth year belonged to no week, so that January 1 would be a Sunday every year.
　　The proposal above, once put into effect, would be most likely to result in continued scheduling conflicts for which one of the following groups？
　　（A） people who have birthdays or other anniversaries on December 30 or 31
　　（B） employed people whose strict religious observances require that they refrain from working every seventh day
　　（C） school systems that require students to attend classes a specific number of days each year
　　（D） employed people who have three-day breaks from work when holidays are celebrated on Mondays or Fridays
　　（E） people who have to plan events several years before those events occur
　　20. Graphologists claim that it is possible to detect permanent character traits by examining people's handwriting. For example, a strong cross on the "t" is supposed to denote enthusiasm. Obviously, however, with practice and perseverance people can alter their handwriting to include this feature. So it seems that graphologists must hold that permanent character traits can be changed.
　　The argument against graphology proceeds by
　　（A） citing apparently incontestable evidence that leads to absurd consequences when conjoined with the view in question
　　（B） demonstrating that an apparently controversial and interesting claim is really just a platitude
　　（C） arguing that a particular technique of analysis can never be effective when the people analyzed know that it is being used
　　（D） showing that proponents of the view have no theoretical justification for the view
　　（E） attacking a technique by arguing that what the technique is supposed to detect can be detected quite readily without it
　　Question 21 -22
　　Historian： There is no direct evidence that timber was traded between the ancient nations of Poran and Nayal, but the fact that a law setting tariffs on timber imports from Poran was enacted during the third Nayalese dynasty does suggest that during that period a timber trade was co9nducted.
　　Critic： Your reasoning is flawed. During its third dynasty, Nayal may well have imported timber from Poran, but certainly on today's statute books there remain many laws regulating activities that were once common but in which people no longer engage.
　　21. The critic's response to the historian's reasoning does which one of the following？
　　（A） It implies an analogy between the present and the past.
　　（B） It identifies a general principle that the historian's reasoning violates.
　　（C） It distinguishes between what has been established as a certainty and what has been established as a possibility.
　　（D） It establishes explicit criteria that must be used in evaluating indirect evidence.
　　（E） It points out the dissimilar roles that law plays in societies that are distinct from one another.
　　22. The critic抯 response to the historian is flawed because it
　　（A） produces evidence that is consistent with there not having been any timber trade between Poran and Nayal during the third Nayalese dynasty
　　（B） cites current laws without indicating whether the laws cited are relevant to the timber trade
　　（C） fails to recognize that the historian's conclusion was based on indirect evidence rather than direct evidence
　　（D） takes no account of the difference between a law's enactment at a particular time and a law's existence as part of a legal code at a particular time
　　（E） accepts without question that assumption about the purpose of laws that underlies the historian's argument
　　23. The workers at Bell Manufacturing will shortly go on strike unless the management increases their wages. As Bell's president is well aware, however, in order to increase the worker's wages, Bell would have to sell off some of its subsidiaries. So, some of Bell's subsidiaries will be sold.
　　The conclusion above is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed？
　　（A） Bell Manufacturing will begin to suffer increased losses.
　　（B） Bell's management will refuse to increase its worker's wages.
　　（C） The workers at Bell Manufacturing will not be going on strike.
　　（D） Bell's president has the authority to offer the workers their desired wage increase.
　　（E） Bell's workers will not accept a package of improved benefits in place of their desired wage increase.
　　24. One sure way you can tell how quickly a new idea ？for example, the idea of "privatization" is taking hold among the population is to monitor how fast the word or words expressing that particular idea are passing into common usage. Professional opinions of whether or not words can indeed be said to have passed into common usage are available from dictionary editors, who are vitally concerned with this question.
　　The method described above for determining how quickly a new idea is taking hold relies on which one of the following assumptions？
　　（A） Dictionary editors are not professionally interested in words that are only rarely used.
　　（B） Dictionary editors have exact numerical criteria for telling when a word has passed into common usage.
　　（C） For a new idea to take hold, dictionary editors have to include the relevant word or words in their dictionaries.
　　（D） As a word passes into common usages, its meaning does not undergo any severe distortions in the process.
　　（E） Words denoting new ideas tend to be used before the ideas denoted are understood.
　　25. Because migrant workers are typically not hired by any one employer for longer than a single season, migrant workers can legally be paid less than the minimum hourly wage that the government requires employers to pay all their permanent employees. Yet most migrant workers work long hours each day for eleven or twelve months a year and thus are as much full-time workers as are people hired on a year-round basis. Therefore, the law should require that migrant workers be paid the same minimum hourly wage that other full-time workers must be paid.
　　The pattern of reasoning displayed above most closely parallels that displayed in which one of the following arguments？
　　（A） Because day-care facilities are now regulated at the local level, the quality of care available to children in two different cities can differ widely. Since such differences in treatment clearly are unfair, day care should be federally rather than locally regulated.
　　（B） Because many rural areas have few restrictions on development, housing estates in such areas have been built where no adequate supply of safe drinking water could be ensured. Thus, rural areas should adopt building codes more like those large cities have.
　　（C） Because some countries regulate gun sales more strictly than do other countries, some people can readily purchase a gun, whereas others cannot. Therefore, all countries should cooperate in developing a uniform international policy regarding gun sales.
　　（D） Because it is a democratic principle that laws should have the consent of those affected by them, liquor5 laws should be formulated not by politicians but by club and restaurant owners, since such laws directly affect the profitability of their businesses.
　　（E） Because food additives are not considered drugs, they have not had to meet the safety standards the government applies to drugs. But food additives can be as dangerous as drugs. Therefore, food additives should also be subject to safety regulations as stringent as those covering drugs

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