[求助]LSAT-10-4-23

答案是E, 藕觉得E不太对。

原文：MORE PAIN ==> LESS EFFICIENCY

CHOICE E: LESS PAIN==>EFFICIENCY GAIN.

23. Farm animals have certain behavioral tendencies that result from the evolutionary history of these species. By imposing on these animals a type of organization that conflicts with their behavioral tendencies, current farm-management practices cause the animals more pain and distress than do practices that more closely conform to the animals’ behavioral tendencies. Because the animals tend to resist this type of organization, current practices can also be less efficient than those other farm-management practices.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following can be properly inferred from them?

(A) Some of the behavioral tendencies of farm animals can be altered by efficient farm-management practices.

(B) In order to implement efficient farm-management practices, it is necessary to be familiar with the evolutionary history of farm animals.

(C) In order to create farm-management practices that cause less pain and distress to farm animals, a significant loss of efficiency will be required.

(D) Farm-management practices that cause the least amount pf pain and distress to farm animals are also the most efficient management practices.

(E) Some changes in farm-management practices that lessen the pain and distress experienced by farm animals can result in gains in efficiency.

1。原文没有充分必要关系，只有因果关系。只有指示词IF等等时才涉及到充分必要问题。

2。从原文最后一句知道pain and distress 是效率低的原因，所以将这个原因缓和，当然效率就提高。即E

because A, then less B ==> if no A, then no less B.

因为pain, then less efficiency ==> if no pain, no less efficiency.(efficiency gain)

是这样的吗？

其实原文到选项就是这样一种推理。

原因1：organization cause pain, animal resist the organization. 结果1：less efficiency.

选项：lessened pain, （没有原因1）  导致 efficiency gain.（没有结果1）

再看看这样推，是不严谨的：因为必须假设原因1，是结果1的唯一原因，不存在她因，这样，没有了原因1，才不会出现结果1。

哈哈，大律师冬真格的了，这题藕明白了。

关于无因无果是支持的理论基础，藕没文化，是第一次听说，想了一下，觉得无因无果坑能是支持，也可能是反对，所以还请指点一二。

thx.

对于因果型结论，有五种削弱和支持的方法，详见“考试时是如何做逻辑题的”，其中支持是结合因和果（有因有果，无因无果），削弱是分离因和果（有因无果，有果无因）。