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同位语与独立主格的区别：
1同位语一般式名词短语（不能是代词），同位语身后可以带修饰语（比如介词短语，that从句，后置定语，形容词短语），同位语指代先行词（和先行词说的是同一事物），不同类的东西不能作同位语，用as过渡表“作为 ”。先行词紧邻逗号，同位语不可跳跃修饰（即先行词和逗号之间不能有与先行词无关的修饰语）。同位语说明、解释先行词的内容。
ex：Li, the father, works at a factory.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
2 而独立主格全称为独立主格结构 （absolute nominal construction）是一种状语，实质上是带有自己逻辑主语的非限定分句或无动词分句。说它是一种状语，是因为它起一般状语的句法作用， 修饰句中主语+谓语、表语等句子成分；说它是独立结构，是因为它带有自己的逻辑主语，而在结构上与主句不发生关系 --- 尽管在意义表达上起着与一般状语相同的作用。独立主格可以表示与主句伴随，主句的结果、原因、方式、条件、时间等其他状语可以起到的作用。
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语、宾语不同，或者说独立主格的逻辑主语在主句中没出现，它独立存在。这是独立主格和同位语的本质区别，同位语的先行词和同位语本身是一体的。而独立主格的主语和主句中的任何名词性成分不同，但是可以有一些关联性，例如Ron神给的例句。因为独立主格和主句种的成分没有直接的指代关系，所以不存在跳跃修饰的问题。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。同位语的修饰语和同位语本身的关系是修饰关系！不是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its 60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
John, his arms flailing in the wind, called out desperately for help.
The test finished, we began our holiday.
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
例：He went off, gun in hand.
此句中gun in hand 就是独立主格结构，修饰went off，说明“他离开”时的情形。若进一步分析，该结构中的gun就是逻辑主语，而介词短语in hand自然就是逻辑谓语了。
逻辑主语除用介词短语外，还可用其它多种形式充当，如：
The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside. (形容词短语wet and slippery)
His voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his helcute. (-ed分词短语drowned by the noise)
John, his arms flailing in the wind, called out desperately for help.
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
等等。
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发表于 2014-1-28 00:37:58
