题目 The following appeared in a memo from the director of alarge group of hospitals."In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial handsoaps, a concentrated solution of UltraClean produced a 40 percent greaterreduction in the bacteria population than did the liquid hand soaps currentlyused in our hospitals. During a subsequent test of UltraClean at our hospitalin Workby, that hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patientinfection than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to preventserious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washingstations throughout our hospital system."
Write a response in which you examine thestated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how theargument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for theargument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
提纲 1 实验室和医院环境不同 实验的结果可能不适用于医院
3 即使能防止一般的细菌 能否防止严重的感染不得而知
The argument is well presented and seems tobe relatively sound at the first glance; the author concludes that theUltraClean hand soap is of higher efficiency in killing the bacteria thussuggests every hospital in the system uses the ultraclean instead of thecurrent soap to avoid serious infections. However, the arguer makes thisconclusion bases on several flawed assumptions, for example, he or she assumesthat the conditions in the laboratory and in the hospital is similar, a declineof reported infection results from the usage of ultraclean and the ultracleancan effectively eliminate severe bacteria.
Initially, the arguer made a gratuitousassumption that the situations of the lab and the hospital are totally thesame. In the assertion, he only has this conclusion according to the resultfrom a laboratory study whose result might not applied for the hospital. It isentirely possible that the temperature and moisture in the hospital decreasethe effect of ultraclean soap. Also, the laboratory might preclude the factorsthat facilitate the growth of bacteria which is common in hospitals. Either ofthe scenarios, if true, will seriously doubt the arguer's claim that theultraclean soap can effectively prevent serious infections. To make theconclusion more eloquent, he or she needs to give some other information aboutthe conditions of the hospital and laboratory.
Second, the arguer naively assumed that theultraclean soap can dramatically decrease the infections through a recent testin Worktown. Obviously the test is lacking detailed information to support theconclusion. It is very likely that before the hospital in Worktown usedultraclean, the reported infection cases is already lower than other ones'.Also, it is highly possible that the location of Worktown is far from theindustrial areas that makes infections less likely. Since both the cases haveweakened the arguer's conclusion, until he or she provides more detailedevidence to support the recent test, the conclusion could not be reached.
Last, even though the ultraclean caneffectively reduce bacteria, the author simply assumes that it has the capacityto avoid serious infections. It is commonsense that serious bacteria are morelikely to survive than the normal ones under the usage of soap. Nevertheless,the author provides no evidence to demonstrate the ultraclean's ability toprevent serious infections. To warrant the conclusion, a statistics of theultraclean's influence on severe infections. Otherwise, the arguer could notvalidate the conclusion.
To sum up, bases on several vagueassumptions, the argument is far from powerful to substantiate that allhospital in the system should use ultraclean soap to prevent seriousinfections. Before any final decisions that mare made to use ultraclean soap,more evidence should be provided to warrant the actions. | 
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发表于 2012-6-27 16:47:23
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