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121) The following appeared in a memo from the director of a large group of hospitals.
In a controlled laboratory study of liquid hand soaps, a concentrated solution of extra strength UltraClean hand soap produced a 40 percent greater reduction in harmful bacteria than did the liquid hand soaps currently used in our hospitals. During our recent test of regular-strength UltraClean with doctors, nurses, and visitors at our hospital in Worktown, the hospital reported significantly fewer cases of patient infection (a 20 percent reduction) than did any of the other hospitals in our group. Therefore, to prevent serious patient infections, we should supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations, including those used by visitors, throughout our hospital system.
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
In this memo, based on the assumption that UltraClean hand soap is more useful to produce great reduction in harmful bacteria than the current liquid hand soaps used in their hospital, the writer recommends to supply UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout their hospital system to prevent serious patient infections. To bolster the recommendation, the writer points out that the result of the controlled laboratory study is appliable to the reality and the result of fewer cases of patient infection than any of the other hospitals in their group is owed to using UltraClean hand soap with people at their hospital.In addition, the writer assumes that using UltraClean hand soap can prevent serious patient infections. Though it seems reasonable at first glance, in fact it is based on several ill-conceived assumptions and reasons are as follows.
In the first place, the writer seems to assume that the result of the controlled laboratory study concerning UltraClean hand soap produced greater reduction in harmful bacteria than did the liquid hand soaps is necessarily accurate for the practice, thus it is reasonable to substitute the current liquid hand soaps for UltraClean hand soap. However, in fact, UltraClean hand soap doesn't necessarily have the same effect as in the laboratory. It is possible that given the effect of chemical and physical factors, UltraClean hand soap cannot have such great effect on reducing harmful bacteria. Thus it is not necessarily appliable to receive the recommendation.
In the second place, the writer makes an assumption that their recent test result concerning fewer cases of patient infection than any of the other hospitals in their group is owed to regular-strength UltraClean with people at their hospital. However, there is no information about the situation as people don't use UltraClean hand soap. It is possible that cases of patient infection are also significantly fewer than any of the other hospitals in their group when they don't use UltraClean, thus it may be other factors rather than the UltraClean that contribute to the result. Then the recommendation to supply UltraClean hand soap may be useless for fewer cases of patient infection.
Finally, the writer assumes that using UltraClean can have a positive effect on preventing serious patient infections. However, despite the applicability of the result of the controlled laboratory study to the reality, even if using UltraClean hand soap can have a positive effect to reduce harmful bacteria, no one can guarantee that supplying UltraClean at all hand-washing stations throughout their hospital system can prevent serious patient infections. First, those harmful bacteria that UltraClean hand soap can reduce may be not able to cause serious infections. Second, it is possible that only if UltraClean is used on body rather than hands is the UltraClean useful, thus supplying UltraClean at all hand-washing stations is useless. Third, there may be negative effects to use UltraClean which may result in people's other illnesses, thus the recommendation should be considered carefully.
In conclusion,based on ill-conceived assumptions that UltraClean hand soap is appliable to produce greater reduction harmful bacteria and those harmful bacteria will cause serious infection, the writer makes such a unreasonable recommendation. |
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发表于 2012-2-1 15:04:50
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