大全614：关于比较结构中的省略

Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destroy the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, the site of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.

(A) that flourished at the same time as the civilizations

(B) that had flourished at the same time as had the civilizations

(C) that flourished at the same time those had

(D) flourishing at the same time as those did（A）

(E) flourishing at the same time as those were

Choice A, the best answer, uses the simple past tense flourished to describe civilizations existing simultaneously in the past. Choice B wrongly uses the past perfect had flourished; past perfect tense indicates action that was completed prior to some other event described in the simple past tense: for example, “Mayan civilization had ceased to exist by the time Europeans first reached the Americas.” Choice C lacks as after time. In choices C, D, and E, the plural pronoun those has no plural noun to which it can refer. In C, had signals the incorrect past perfect; did in D and were in E are awkward and unnecessary. D and E also incorrectly use the present participle flourishing where that flourished is needed.

总是不太明白在两者进行比较时，后面被比较的部分应该怎样省略。我在做题时发现more than（或者the same as；as many ……as)后面有时候出现助动词，有时候又只有一个被比较的名词。这一题，我觉得比较的是flourish的时间，所以应该出现助动词，但是OG却说 did 是unnecessary。不太明白，所以一做这样的题就错。

还有，为什么OG说在这里不能用flourishing分词，必须用that从句修饰civilization?

请牛牛们在帮忙看看这两个关于比较结构的题吧！

634.        Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than the wages of other salaried workers.

(A) Senior executives had a larger percentage increase in pay in 1990 than

(B) The percentage of senior executives’ pay increase in 1990 was larger than for

(C) The 1990 increase in pay for senior executives was larger in terms of percentage than

(D) In 1990 senior executives had a larger pay increase in terms of percentage than did（E）

(E) The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by a larger percentage than did

这题我在选的时候觉得那个did好像有点多余，因为其他选项更错，所以就选了E。我想确认一下，did在这里要补出是不是因为进行比较的不是 pay 和 wage，而是pay increase和wage increase的程度，也就是对动词的比较，所以要出现did?

637.        Several studies have found that the coronary patients who exercise most actively have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary.

(A) have half or less than half the chance of dying of a heart attack as those who are sedentary

(B) have half the chance, or less, of dying of a heart attack than those who are sedentary do

(C) have half the chance that they will die of a heart attack, or less, than those who are sedentary do

(D) are at least fifty percent less likely to die of a heart attack as those who are sedentary（E）

(E) are at least fifty percent less likely than those who are sedentary to die of a heart attack

这题，我在B与E之间犹豫了半天，还是选了B，因为我觉得B说的是对两组人所拥有的机会进行比较，比的是宾语chance，所以，按照stoneren gg的说法，应该补出助动词才对啊！为什么B错了呢？

我想我在2楼的帖子缺乏进一步的强调，注意第一句话：补出助动词的一般是比较主谓结构。

637比较的其实还是主谓结构，即A类人比B类人机会多，差异部分（也即比较部分）是两类人，所以应该补出助动词；但是在类似的题目中有些特殊的地方，当比较对象出现代词可以明确地指代比较对象，比如此例中those(或其他例子中的that等)，助动词有时也可以省略。至于为什么B错，关键在于less是个比较结构，必须用than，而句中的混乱结构结构使得less的修饰对象很模糊，逻辑上less应该指chance；而且，B中的do位置也不合适，虽然助动词可以放在句尾也可放在句首，但是本句中do放在句尾会有歧异。

634中did是否多余，举个例子就能更清楚地发现：

如果我们把E改成：The pay of senior executives increased in 1990 by more money than  the wages of other salaried workers.

显然，有did和没有did，句子的意思是不同的

噢！stoneren gg讲得真好，我这下明白了。

嗯，对于以上讲解，我感觉自己好像明白了，但还是要把这类题总结一下，然后再细细体会石头人gg讲解的精髓。

多谢多谢！