[求助]大全985

1.        Those who have visited the Grand Canyon have typically seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark the passage of time like the rings in a tree trunk.

(A) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors that mark

(B) see layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors mark

(C) been seeing layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, whose different colors are markers of

(D) been able to see layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, with different colors marking（D）

(E) seen layers of sediment in the gaping canyon, marking by different colors

看到有人说这里的A，with...，没有先行词，不是很理解，为什么？with....可以做什么成分，它一定要修饰一个动词吗？

总的感觉时with短语特别不懂，谁给大概说说一般有几种情况，叩谢了。

“,with n doing/done”（注意，句尾时会有逗号）独立主格结构，补充修饰：前后的（主语/宾语）。

A中的with n 不构成一个独立主格结构。