紧急.请大家帮我看看AA,快疯了...

第一个问题：答案转自孙远讲义 hope it help.

........This argument commits two critical fallacies.

In the first place, this argument commits a fallacy of causal 
oversimplification. The arguer assumes that an increase in the supply of 
cocaine is sufficient to bring about an increase in its use. While the 
supply of cocaine may be one of the contributing factors to its use, it is 
insufficient. The presumption required to substantiate this view is that 
drug users are not particular about which drugs they use, so that if 
marijuana and heroin are not available, they will switch to whatever drug 
is available--cocaine in this case. This assumption is not reasonable. 
Marijuana, heroin, and cocaine are not alike in their effects on users; nor 
are they alike in the manner in which they are ingested or in their 
addictive properties. The view that drug users’ choice of drugs is simply 
a function of supply overlooks these important differences. Besides, the 
argument is self-contradictory. If it were true, as stated by the arguer, 
that cocaine trafficking is both safer than the bulky marijuana and more 
profitable than heroin that has a small market, this fact alone would have 
motivated the drug traffickers to switch to cocaine. In this case, the 
government enforcement effort should not be held accountable for the rise 
in the use of cocaine. 

In the second place, the arguer fails to provide the necessary information 
based on which we can evaluate the comprehensive effect of the government's 
action. The background of the incident is that the drug abuse has now 
become ever more serious a social problem than anytime in the past. And 
this is what motivated the government actions against drug trafficking in 
the first place. We, therefore, can reasonably assume that before the 
government took actions the abuse of all major popular drugs had been on 
the trend of increase, including the use of cocaine. The newspaper 
editorial, however, only mentions the observed increase in the use of 
cocaine while failing to provide any information to specify the current 
increase and that before the government strengthened its drug contraction 
efforts. We thus cannot compare the patterns of change in this aspect 
before and after the government actions in order to reach any valid 
conclusion about the impact of the government actions on the use of 
cocaine. 

2nd.224范文的论点

1、Assumes that color and blackwhite are mutually exclusive alternatives,but it's not the case. The either/or choice doesn't exist at all.

2、The evidence provide is insufficient to support the conclusion that working in color is necessary in order to gain on advantage.

3、the fact that more kinds of color film are available than black-and-white film accomplishes little to support the argument

4、Ignore the other factors that may be more important in determing success in photography

3rd.

1、The views expressed by the arguer are conflict and insistent with each other. The logic relationship refered by "Moreover" is problematic.

2  Neglect other factors that may be helpful in the situation mentioned.such as better time management of scientist, and better allocation of time between couples so that preschool-age children can spend a significant portion of each day with a parent.....There must be alternatives to solve this problem without sacrifice of requirement on career advancement.

3  The assumption, either most of scientists in the institution have preschool-baby, or most of them are scientists couple, is gratuitous, so more evidence needed to be shown to support the suggeestions of the arguer.