一道修饰题

仓鼠火锅 · 发表于 2020-10-28 23:49:00

Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists.

that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have
that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has
that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently butchered by hominids, has
having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered by hominids, have
having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids have

请问为什么选A不选D?谢谢！

是因为"more than a million years ago"是一个时间点吗？

长丝弓 · 发表于 2020-10-29 05:24:35

GmatLa上网友们是这样讨论的，你看看有没有道理：

having done可以用非限定，一般用于S, having done, VO结构没有歧义，这时候having done修饰S主语，而不是后面的动作。
Having done用于限定定语通常产生错误：
1、时态问题，done就done了，是一个已经完成的statement，不应该用having的进行完成时来表示状态，正在完成中是很奇怪的状态
2、简洁性：having done都可以用who has/have done来代替，所以having done不是一个好的结构

D. having been beached，现在分词的完成式having done（主动）不做限定性修饰，只能做非限定性修饰。

2、现在分词作后置定语修饰，描述的是一个持续的客观事实，而原文的动作不是一个一直持续的动作，所以D/E错。

D/E错在having beached的完成时态，多少年前是一个时间点，不是时间段，不能用完成时。ing本身没用错，ing是可以做noun modifier的，如a cat sleeping on the couch is mine。comma-ing则只能做状语，不能做非限制性定语用。

A选项：
a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago是分词作定语，通常过去分词是表示被动，同时不需要带be动词就可以做modifier了。这里的beach是主动发生，应该用beaching。但这里还需要考虑一个时态问题，动词分词作modifier时，表示与主句一样的时态，但这里主句的时态时have been recovered，表现在，beach发生在过去，所以不能用动词分词，改成动词自己的时态（过去式beached）
and a whale that was subsequently butchered by hominids 是定语从句修饰名词，that在从句充当了成分。

andrew22要奋斗 · 发表于 2020-10-29 07:03:21

noun + having done这个结构好像是必错的...

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