关于过去完成进行时和现在完成进行时

子升 · 发表于 2017-7-8 14:19:37

做这道题的时候突然蒙圈了

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant

ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.

(A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has

been expanding

(B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and

had been expanding

(C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago

that has expanded

(D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years

ago that is expanding

(E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has

been expanding

AB中的后半句时态问题：是不是过去完成进行时表示某个时间之前一直在进行的动作，可能延续可能不延续，但是要有一个标志性的时间标志，而现在完成时是过去做的事情延续到现在并且可能一直持续下去？还是说过去完成进行时到了参考时间点之后不能再延续了？没有找到权威的语法书，求解答

fxxxfxxx · 发表于 2017-7-8 14:44:03

has been expanding ever since - expanding
had been expanding since then - expanding

这里要考虑的是ever since, 显然不能兼容过去的时态。

另外had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago 也是不对的，这里只有一个时间点，所以不能使用过去完成时。

子升 · 发表于 2017-7-8 15:12:39

fxxxfxxx 发表于 2017-7-8 14:44
has been expanding ever since - expanding
had been expanding since then - expanding

请问是出现了ever since只能用现在完成进行时，而出现了since then只能用过去完成进行时么？这两个不都是从那时起么？语法小白求轻拍~

fxxxfxxx · 发表于 2017-7-8 18:14:36

子升发表于 2017-7-8 15:12
请问是出现了ever since只能用现在完成进行时，而出现了since then只能用过去完成进行时么？这两个不都是 ...

确实是像你说的那样，我有点想当然了。

这里has been expanding表达肯定比had been expanding更适当一点，因为是表述一个一直延续下去的状态。

子升 · 发表于 2017-7-9 08:47:17

fxxxfxxx 发表于 2017-7-8 18:14
确实是像你说的那样，我有点想当然了。

这里has been expanding表达肯定比had been expanding更适当一点 ...

恩恩，O(∩_∩)O谢谢

茄子要加油 · 发表于 2017-7-9 10:59:30

had been expanding
过去完成进行时表示过去发生一个动作，结果影响到现在。原文要表达爆炸之后一直在扩张，现在也在扩张的，所以现在完成进行时优于过去完成进行时
剑桥中级语法有。

但是考试的时候用这个点太危险了，用began这个点排除不容易出错。in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago 没有明显完成时标志，是过去式标志。

子升 · 发表于 2017-7-9 14:38:36

茄子要加油发表于 2017-7-9 10:59
had been expanding
过去完成进行时表示过去发生一个动作，结果影响到现在。原文要表达爆炸之后一直在扩张 ...

恩恩，谢谢~

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