看似相似的两题，使我对With的用法再次产生摇摆

生命之树的JG · 发表于 2016-3-26 15:44:18

The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after it fell over the last two years.
(A) which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
(B) which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
(C) which have increased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(D) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling
(E) with a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after having fallen

Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
A. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
B. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
C. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
D. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
E. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

第二题正确答案D，with用于修饰就近的宾语Monkey，但是第一题的正确答案是C，如果按照第二题的逻辑，第一题为什么不可以选择D呢？

医生吃鱼 · 发表于 2016-3-26 22:59:12

楼主提了个好问题，我查了不少题，试着回答下。

1、逗号+with结构，修饰的是逗号前面的整个句子或整个动作。
例1：第二题中，Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with（修饰的是红色部分） arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
例2：OG16-Verbal-SC91，The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale,with（修饰红色部分） more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,connected by a complex regional system of roads.

2、第一题中，根据常识，5 percent increase是直接有关profits的内容，C选项中用which定语从句直接修饰profits，从句意上来看最清晰。
D选项中的逗号+with结构，1中已提到，是修饰逗号前面整句话或整个动作，并非profits。因此会引起句意歧义，不如which定语从句清晰。

另外，D选项中另一个错误是after falling的逻辑主语问题。falling的逻辑主语变成主句主语results，不合逻辑。
相比之下，C选项中after falling在which定语从句中，因此falling的逻辑主语是定语从句主语-profits，句意正确。

生命之树的JG · 发表于 2016-3-27 11:09:45

医生吃鱼发表于 2016-3-26 22:59
楼主提了个好问题，我查了不少题，试着回答下。

1、逗号+with结构，修饰的是逗号前面的整个句子或整个动作 ...

感谢你清晰明了的分析。
那么能否容我再多问一下，第二题中“逗号+with”的结构应该理解为对就近的主句宾语——Monkey引导的动作修饰，
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.
我后来查了下，以下这题也符合你的说法
The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye.
但是有的时候我们也看到“逗号+with”的结构会跳跃式的修饰主句中的主语，例如我在另外的帖子里看到的：
The diet of the ordinary Greek in classical times was largely vegetarian--vegetables, fresh cheese, oatmeal, and meal cakes, with meat as a rarity.
这是不是意味着with结构（在排除独立主格的情况下），只能按照逻辑意思来判断它所修饰的对象？

另外，假设在第一题中我们基于D选项把两句话倒过来这样写：
With a 5 percent increase during the first 3 months of this year after falling, the profits envidence the results of the company's cost-cutting measures.
这样是不是正确呢？

elusive · 发表于 2016-3-27 16:27:32

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医生吃鱼 · 发表于 2016-3-27 16:43:08

生命之树的JG 发表于 2016-3-27 11:09
感谢你清晰明了的分析。
那么能否容我再多问一下，第二题中“逗号+with”的结构应该理解为对就近的主句宾 ...

1、请问下The diet of the ordinary Greek这题的出处是哪里？我觉得这句话不像是GMAT认可的。

2、你说得对，主要靠逻辑句意来判断修饰对象，不过也是有迹可循的。
  逗号+with结构，修饰左面的名词或句子。
  with结构在句首，修饰主句主语或整个主句。

3、你把D选项倒过来，确实可以解决with结构的修饰问题，不过after falling的逻辑主语还是有问题。
  另外，该题中既然which定语从句可以直接修饰profits，那么它一定比烦人的with结构更清晰！

4、现有的GMAT真题中，正确选项中含有with结构的极少，你碰到了就可以记下来。然后你会发现，大部分题中，那些包含with结构的选项里会有更明显的语法错误，你很容易就能排除它们

elusive · 发表于 2016-3-27 16:51:13

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cheermeng · 发表于 2016-12-4 14:25:21

先从逻辑上分清楚逗号后面的部分是作状语，还是做定语。如果是修饰逗号前的词语，则用非限制性定语从句。如果是修饰前句（不少是某个动词），则使用独立主格。

cheermeng · 发表于 2016-12-4 14:54:37

elusive 发表于 2016-3-27 16:51
说起with了，我有一道题不明白
Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenera ...

starfish是plural。虽然fish是单复数同体，但have已经说明starfish是plural。所以AB错，因为it quickly replacedit中第一个it无法指代复数形式的starfish。

另外，一个代词一般指代一个名词，A中的第一个it指代starfish，第二个it指代lost arm，不符合这个原则。
同样，D中的they也有同样的问题。且they are quickly replaced中的they无法指代one arm。

最后，with Noun Doing的独立主格表方式状语修饰replaced符合措辞习惯。相反，选项C中BY Noun Doing既不能以独立主格的方式作为状语修饰replace，作为一般状语表示方式也不符合语言习惯。因为BY Doing和By Noun作状语的用法比较常见。改成they quickly replace it by doing就可以了。

看似相似的两题，使我对With的用法再次产生摇摆

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